[{"c":"恐","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["peur","épouvante","crainte"],"en":["fear","dread","awe"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["おそ.れる","おそ.る","おそ.ろしい","こわ.い"],"ex":[["恐れ","おそれ","crainte, risque","fear, horror"],["恐怖","きょうふ","peur, terreur","fear, dread"]]},{"c":"寺","s":6,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["temple bouddhiste"],"en":["Buddhist temple"],"on":["ジ"],"kun":["てら"],"ex":[["寺","てら","temple bouddhiste","Buddhist temple"],["寺院","じいん","temple","temple"]]},{"c":"鈴","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["clochette","sonnerie"],"en":["small bell","buzzer"],"on":["レイ","リン"],"kun":["すず"],"ex":[["鈴","すず","clochette, grelot","bell, jingle bell"],["風鈴","ふうりん","carillon à vent","wind chime"]]},{"c":"盤","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["plateau","bol creux","plat","bassin"],"en":["tray","shallow bowl","platter","tub"],"on":["バン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["基盤","きばん","base, fondation","foundation, base"],["中盤","ちゅうばん","milieu de partie","middle stage"]]},{"c":"息","s":10,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["respirer","fils","intérêts (prêt)"],"en":["breath","respiration","son","interest (on money)"],"on":["ソク"],"kun":["いき"],"ex":[["息","いき","souffle, respiration","breath"],["生息","せいそく","habiter, vivre (animaux)","inhabiting, living in"]]},{"c":"宇","s":6,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["firmament","cieux","auvent","toit"],"en":["eaves","roof","house","heaven"],"on":["ウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["宇宙","うちゅう","univers, espace","universe, space"],["宇宙開発","うちゅうかいはつ","exploration spatiale","space development, space exploration"]]},{"c":"項","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["paragraphe","clause","nuque","article (item)"],"en":["paragraph","nape of neck","clause","item"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["うなじ"],"ex":[["条項","じょうこう","clause, article","clause, article"],["項目","こうもく","rubrique, élément de liste","item, entry"]]},{"c":"喪","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["perte","deuil"],"en":["miss","mourning"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["も"],"ex":[["喪主","もしゅ","chef de deuil","chief mourner"],["喪失","そうしつ","perte","loss, forfeit"]]},{"c":"伴","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["être accompagné","amener avec soi","compagnon","époux / épouse"],"en":["consort","accompany","bring with","companion"],"on":["ハン","バン"],"kun":["ともな.う"],"ex":[["伴奏","ばんそう","accompagnement musical","accompaniment"],["同伴","どうはん","accompagnement","accompanying, being accompanied by"]]},{"c":"遠","s":13,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["loin","distant"],"en":["distant","far"],"on":["エン","オン"],"kun":["とお.い"],"ex":[["永遠","えいえん","éternité, éternel","eternity, eternal"],["遠征","えんせい","expédition, déplacement à l’extérieur","expedition, away game"]]},{"c":"養","s":15,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["nourrir","élever","cultiver","soigner"],"en":["foster","bring up","rear","develop"],"on":["ヨウ","リョウ"],"kun":["やしな.う"],"ex":[["栄養","えいよう","nutrition","nutrition, nourishment"],["養成","ようせい","formation","training, education"]]},{"c":"懸","s":20,"l":1,"fr":["suspendre","pendre","10%","installer"],"en":["state of suspension","hang","depend","consult"],"on":["ケン","ケ"],"kun":["か.ける","か.かる"],"ex":[["懸念","けねん","inquiétude, préoccupation","concern, worry"],["懸命","けんめい","acharné, de toutes ses forces","earnest, with all one’s might"]]},{"c":"戻","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["revenir","re-","reprendre","restaurer"],"en":["re-","return","revert","resume"],"on":["レイ"],"kun":["もど.す","もど.る"],"ex":[["買い戻し","かいもどし","rachat","buyback, repurchase"],["戻り","もどり","retour","return"]]},{"c":"街","s":12,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["boulevard","rue","ville"],"en":["boulevard","street","town"],"on":["ガイ","カイ"],"kun":["まち"],"ex":[["街頭","がいとう","dans la rue","street"],["市街","しがい","quartier urbain, ville","urban area, streets"]]},{"c":"巨","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["gigantesque","grand","gros"],"en":["gigantic","big","large","great"],"on":["キョ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["巨人","きょじん","géant","giant, great man"],["巨大","きょだい","énorme, gigantesque","huge, gigantic"]]},{"c":"震","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["tremblement","secouer","frémir","frissonner"],"en":["quake","shake","tremble","quiver"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["ふる.う","ふる.える","ふる.わせる","ふる.わす"],"ex":[["地震","じしん","tremblement de terre","earthquake"],["震源","しんげん","épicentre, foyer","epicenter"]]},{"c":"願","s":19,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["demande","prière","souhait","voeu"],"en":["petition","request","vow","wish"],"on":["ガン"],"kun":["ねが.う","ねがい"],"ex":[["願い","ねがい","souhait, demande","wish, request"],["志願","しがん","candidature volontaire","volunteering, application"]]},{"c":"絵","s":12,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["image","dessin","peinture","esquisse"],"en":["picture","drawing","painting","sketch"],"on":["カイ","エ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["絵画","かいが","peinture","painting, picture"],["絵本","えほん","livre d’images","picture book"]]},{"c":"希","s":7,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["espoir","demander","prier","implorer"],"en":["hope","beg","request","pray"],"on":["キ","ケ"],"kun":["まれ","こいねが.う"],"ex":[["希望","きぼう","espoir, souhait","hope, wish"],["希薄","きはく","ténu, peu dense","thin, sparse"]]},{"c":"越","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["doubler","traverser","muter","surpasser"],"en":["surpass","cross over","move to","exceed"],"on":["エツ","オツ"],"kun":["こ.す","こ.す","ご.し","こ.える"],"ex":[["勝ち越し","かちこし","plus de victoires que de défaites","having more wins than losses"],["越える","こえる","franchir, dépasser","to exceed, to surpass"]]},{"c":"契","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["engagement","promesse","voeux"],"en":["pledge","promise","vow"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["ちぎ.る"],"ex":[["契約","けいやく","contrat","contract, compact"],["契機","けいき","occasion, déclencheur","opportunity, trigger"]]},{"c":"掲","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["afficher","hisser (drapeau)","insertion","cité (ci-dessus)"],"en":["put up (a notice)","put up","hoist","display"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["かか.げる"],"ex":[["掲載","けいさい","publication dans un journal","publication, carrying (in print)"],["掲げる","かかげる","hisser, brandir","to hoist, to display"]]},{"c":"躍","s":21,"l":1,"fr":["bond","danse","sautiller"],"en":["leap","dance","skip"],"on":["ヤク"],"kun":["おど.る"],"ex":[["活躍","かつやく","rôle actif, performance brillante","great performance, active role"],["飛躍","ひやく","bond, essor","leap, rapid progress"]]},{"c":"棄","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["abandonner","jeter","se débarrasser","renoncer"],"en":["abandon","throw away","discard","resign"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["す.てる"],"ex":[["廃棄","はいき","mise au rebut, abandon","disposal, abolition"],["投棄","とうき","décharge, abandon de déchets","dumping, abandonment"]]},{"c":"欲","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["désirer","convoitise","avidité","passion"],"en":["longing","covetousness","greed","passion"],"on":["ヨク"],"kun":["ほっ.する","ほ.しい"],"ex":[["意欲","いよく","volonté, motivation","will, motivation"],["欲","よく","désir, convoitise","greed, craving"]]},{"c":"痛","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["douleur","mal","dommage","contusion, bleu"],"en":["pain","hurt","damage","bruise"],"on":["ツウ"],"kun":["いた.い","いた.む","いた.ましい","いた.める"],"ex":[["痛み","いたみ","douleur","pain"],["痛感","つうかん","ressentir vivement","keenly feeling"]]},{"c":"触","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["contact","toucher","sentir","frapper"],"en":["contact","touch","feel","hit"],"on":["ショク"],"kun":["ふ.れる","さわ.る","さわ"],"ex":[["接触","せっしょく","contact","touch, contact"],["感触","かんしょく","toucher, impression","touch, feeling"]]},{"c":"邸","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["résidence","hôtel particulier"],"en":["residence","mansion"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":["やしき"],"ex":[["官邸","かんてい","résidence officielle","official residence"],["公邸","こうてい","résidence officielle","official residence"]]},{"c":"依","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["dépendant","par conséquent","donc","dû à"],"en":["reliant","depend on","consequently","therefore"],"on":["イ","エ"],"kun":["よ.る"],"ex":[["依然","いぜん","toujours, encore","still, as before"],["依存","いぞん","dépendance","dependence, reliance"]]},{"c":"籍","s":20,"l":1,"fr":["enrôler","domicile","registre (état civil, domicile)","adhésion"],"en":["enroll","domiciliary register","membership"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["国籍","こくせき","nationalité","nationality, citizenship"],["書籍","しょせき","livre, ouvrage","books, publications"]]},{"c":"汚","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["sale","polluer","disgrâce","profaner"],"en":["dirty","pollute","disgrace","rape"],"on":["オ"],"kun":["けが.す","けが.れる","けが.らわしい","よご.す"],"ex":[["汚染","おせん","pollution","pollution, contamination"],["汚職","おしょく","corruption, concussion","corruption, graft"]]},{"c":"縮","s":17,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["rétrécir","contracter","raccourcir","friser"],"en":["shrink","contract","shrivel","wrinkle"],"on":["シュク"],"kun":["ちぢ.む","ちぢ.まる","ちぢ.める","ちぢ.れる"],"ex":[["軍縮","ぐんしゅく","désarmement","reduction of armaments, disarmament"],["縮小","しゅくしょう","réduction, rétrécissement","reduction, shrinkage"]]},{"c":"還","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["renvoyer","retour"],"en":["send back","return"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["かえ.る"],"ex":[["返還","へんかん","restitution","return, restoration"],["帰還","きかん","retour au pays","return, repatriation"]]},{"c":"枚","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["feuille de","compteur d'objets plats"],"en":["sheet of...","counter for flat thin objects or sheets"],"on":["マイ","バイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["一枚","いちまい","une feuille, une pièce","one sheet, one piece"],["二枚","にまい","deux feuilles","two sheets"]]},{"c":"属","s":12,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["faire partie de","genre","fonctionnaire subalterne","affilié à"],"en":["belong","genus","subordinate official","affiliated"],"on":["ゾク","ショク"],"kun":["さかん","つく","やから"],"ex":[["所属","しょぞく","appartenance, affiliation","affiliation"],["金属","きんぞく","métal","metal"]]},{"c":"笑","s":10,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["rire"],"en":["laugh"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["わら.う","え.む"],"ex":[["笑い","わらい","rire","laughter"],["笑顔","えがお","sourire","smiling face, smile"]]},{"c":"互","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["mutuel","réciproque","ensemble"],"en":["mutually","reciprocally","together"],"on":["ゴ"],"kun":["たが.い","かたみ.に"],"ex":[["相互","そうご","mutuel, réciproque","mutual"],["互い","たがい","l’un l’autre, mutuellement","each other"]]},{"c":"複","s":14,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["duplication","copie","composé","multiple"],"en":["duplicate","double","compound","multiple"],"on":["フク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["複数","ふくすう","pluriel, plusieurs","plural, multiple"],["複雑","ふくざつ","complexe, compliqué","complex, complicated"]]},{"c":"慮","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["prudence","idée","sollicitude","considérer"],"en":["prudence","thought","concern","consider"],"on":["リョ"],"kun":["おもんぱく.る","おもんぱか.る"],"ex":[["配慮","はいりょ","égards, attention","consideration"],["考慮","こうりょ","prise en compte","consideration, taking into account"]]},{"c":"郵","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["courrier","relais de poste"],"en":["mail","stagecoach stop"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["郵便","ゆうびん","courrier, poste","mail, postal service"],["郵政","ゆうせい","services postaux","postal services"]]},{"c":"束","s":7,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["fagot","gerbe","bouquet","promesse"],"en":["bundle","sheaf","ream","tie in bundles"],"on":["ソク"],"kun":["たば","たば.ねる","つか","つか.ねる"],"ex":[["約束","やくそく","promesse, rendez-vous","promise, appointment"],["結束","けっそく","unité, solidarité","unity, solidarity"]]},{"c":"仲","s":6,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["relation","médiation","intermédiaire"],"en":["go-between","relationship"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":["なか"],"ex":[["仲間","なかま","camarade, collègue","companion, colleague"],["仲介","ちゅうかい","médiation, entremise","mediation, brokerage"]]},{"c":"栄","s":9,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["florissant","prospérité","honneur","gloire"],"en":["flourish","prosperity","honor","glory"],"on":["エイ","ヨウ"],"kun":["さか.える","は.え","ば.え","は.える"],"ex":[["栄養","えいよう","nutrition","nutrition, nourishment"],["繁栄","はんえい","prospérité","prosperity, thriving"]]},{"c":"札","s":5,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["étiquette","billet de banque","compteur d'obligations","affiche"],"en":["tag","paper money","counter for bonds","placard"],"on":["サツ"],"kun":["ふだ"],"ex":[["入札","にゅうさつ","appel d’offres, enchère","bidding, tender"],["切り札","きりふだ","atout","trump card"]]},{"c":"枠","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["cadre","structure","bobine","bounding box (graph.)"],"en":["frame","framework","spindle","spool"],"on":[],"kun":["わく"],"ex":[["枠組み","わくぐみ","cadre, structure","framework"],["枠","わく","cadre, limite","frame, limit"]]},{"c":"似","s":7,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["ressembler","devenir","contrefaire","imiter"],"en":["becoming","resemble","counterfeit","imitate"],"on":["ジ"],"kun":["に.る","ひ.る"],"ex":[["似顔","にがお","portrait, caricature","portrait, likeness"],["類似","るいじ","ressemblance, similarité","similarity"]]},{"c":"恵","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["bénéficier de","faveur divine","grâce","gentillesse"],"en":["favor","blessing","grace","kindness"],"on":["ケイ","エ"],"kun":["めぐ.む","めぐ.み"],"ex":[["知恵","ちえ","sagesse, ingéniosité","wisdom, ingenuity"],["恩恵","おんけい","bienfait, faveur","benefit, blessing"]]},{"c":"板","s":8,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["planche","plaque","panneau","stade"],"en":["plank","board","plate","stage"],"on":["ハン","バン"],"kun":["いた"],"ex":[["看板","かんばん","enseigne, panneau","signboard, sign"],["登板","とうばん","monter sur le monticule (baseball)","taking the mound (baseball)"]]},{"c":"列","s":6,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["file","rang","colonne","queue"],"en":["file","row","rank","tier"],"on":["レツ","レ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["列車","れっしゃ","train","train, railway train"],["系列","けいれつ","groupe affilié, filiale","affiliated group"]]},{"c":"露","s":21,"l":1,"fr":["rosée","larmes","dévoiler","Russie"],"en":["dew","tears","expose","Russia"],"on":["ロ","ロウ"],"kun":["つゆ"],"ex":[["披露","ひろう","annonce publique, présentation","announcement, presentation"],["露骨","ろこつ","cru, direct, explicite","blunt, explicit"]]},{"c":"沖","s":7,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["au large","en haute mer","montée au ciel"],"en":["open sea","offing","rise high into sky"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":["おき","おきつ","ちゅう.する","わく"],"ex":[["沖縄","おきなわ","Okinawa","Okinawa"],["沖合","おきあい","au large","offshore"]]},{"c":"探","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["chercher","tâtonner","enquête"],"en":["grope","search","look for"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["さぐ.る","さが.す"],"ex":[["探検","たんけん","exploration, expédition","exploration, expedition"],["探査","たんさ","exploration, sondage","exploration, probe"]]},{"c":"逃","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["s'évader","s'échapper","fuir","se dérober à"],"en":["escape","flee","shirk","evade"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["に.げる","に.がす","のが.す","のが.れる"],"ex":[["逃亡","とうぼう","fuite, évasion","escape, flight"],["逃走","とうそう","fuite","escape, flight"]]},{"c":"緩","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["relâcher","abaisser","décompresser","lâche (noeud)"],"en":["slacken","loosen","relax","lessen"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["ゆる.い","ゆる.やか","ゆる.む","ゆる.める"],"ex":[["緩和","かんわ","assouplissement, atténuation","easing, mitigation"],["緩やか","ゆるやか","doux, lent, progressif","gentle, gradual"]]},{"c":"節","s":13,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["noeud (vitesse)","instant","saison","période"],"en":["node","season","period","occasion"],"on":["セツ","セチ"],"kun":["ふし","ぶし","のっと"],"ex":[["季節","きせつ","saison","season, time of year"],["節目","ふしめ","étape clé, tournant","turning point, milestone"]]},{"c":"需","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["demande","requête","besoin"],"en":["demand","request","need"],"on":["ジュ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["需要","じゅよう","demande (économie)","demand"],["内需","ないじゅ","demande intérieure","domestic demand"]]},{"c":"骨","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["os","squelette","restes","charpente"],"en":["skeleton","bone","remains","frame"],"on":["コツ"],"kun":["ほね"],"ex":[["骨","ほね","os","bone"],["遺骨","いこつ","restes, ossements","remains, ashes"]]},{"c":"射","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["lancer une flèche","tir à l'arc","sur","briller"],"en":["shoot","shine into","onto","archery"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["い.る","さ.す","う.つ"],"ex":[["放射性","ほうしゃせい","radioactif","radioactive"],["放射線","ほうしゃせん","rayonnement","radiation"]]},{"c":"傾","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["incliner","pencher","tendance","déclin"],"en":["lean","incline","tilt","trend"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["かたむ.く","かたむ.ける","かたぶ.く","かた.げる"],"ex":[["傾向","けいこう","tendance","tendency, trend"],["傾斜","けいしゃ","inclinaison, pente","inclination, slope"]]},{"c":"届","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["remettre","livrer","parvenir","arriver"],"en":["deliver","reach","arrive","report"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":["とど.ける","とど.け","とど.く"],"ex":[["届け出","とどけで","déclaration, notification","report, notification"],["無届け","むとどけ","sans déclaration","unreported, without notification"]]},{"c":"遊","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["jouer"],"en":["play"],"on":["ユウ","ユ"],"kun":["あそ.ぶ","あそ.ばす"],"ex":[["遊び","あそび","jeu, amusement","play, amusement"],["遊説","ゆうぜい","tournée électorale","campaign tour"]]},{"c":"迷","s":9,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["s'égarer","être perplexe","hésiter","perdu"],"en":["astray","be perplexed","in doubt","lost"],"on":["メイ"],"kun":["まよ.う"],"ex":[["低迷","ていめい","stagnation, marasme","slump, stagnation"],["迷惑","めいわく","dérangement, gêne","nuisance, trouble"]]},{"c":"夢","s":13,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["rêve","vision","illusion"],"en":["dream","vision","illusion"],"on":["ム","ボウ"],"kun":["ゆめ","ゆめ.みる","くら.い"],"ex":[["夢","ゆめ","rêve","dream"],["悪夢","あくむ","cauchemar","nightmare, bad dream"]]},{"c":"巻","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["rouleau","livre","tome","volume"],"en":["scroll","volume","book","part"],"on":["カン","ケン"],"kun":["ま.く","まき","ま.き"],"ex":[["巻き込む","まきこむ","entraîner, impliquer","to involve, to drag into"],["巻き返し","まきかえし","contre-attaque, retour en force","comeback, counterattack"]]},{"c":"購","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["acquisition","acheter","souscrire","s'abonner"],"en":["subscription","buy"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["購入","こうにゅう","achat","purchase, buying"],["購読","こうどく","abonnement (lecture)","subscription"]]},{"c":"揮","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["brandir","agiter","remuer","balancer"],"en":["brandish","wave","wag","swing"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["ふる.う"],"ex":[["指揮","しき","direction, commandement","command, conducting"],["指揮者","しきしゃ","chef d’orchestre","conductor"]]},{"c":"君","s":7,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["jeune homme","tu","suffixe de nom (-kun)"],"en":["mister","you","ruler","male name suffix"],"on":["クン"],"kun":["きみ","ぎみ"],"ex":[["君が代","きみがよ","Kimigayo (hymne national)","Kimigayo (national anthem)"],["君臨","くんりん","régner","to reign"]]},{"c":"燃","s":16,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["brûler","flamber"],"en":["burn","blaze","glow"],"on":["ネン"],"kun":["も.える","も.やす","も.す"],"ex":[["燃料","ねんりょう","combustible, carburant","fuel"],["核燃料","かくねんりょう","combustible nucléaire","nuclear fuel"]]},{"c":"充","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["attribuer","affecter","répartir","être plein"],"en":["allot","fill"],"on":["ジュウ"],"kun":["あ.てる","み.たす"],"ex":[["充実","じゅうじつ","plénitude, enrichissement","fullness, enhancement"],["拡充","かくじゅう","extension, renforcement","expansion"]]},{"c":"閉","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["fermer","clore"],"en":["closed","shut"],"on":["ヘイ"],"kun":["と.じる","と.ざす","し.める","し.まる"],"ex":[["閉鎖","へいさ","fermeture","closure"],["閉会","へいかい","clôture d’une réunion","closing (of a meeting)"]]},{"c":"緒","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["bout","début","fin","lanière"],"en":["thong","beginning","inception","end"],"on":["ショ","チョ"],"kun":["お","いとぐち"],"ex":[["一緒","いっしょ","ensemble","together"],["情緒","じょうちょ","atmosphère, sentiment","emotion, atmosphere"]]},{"c":"跡","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["traces","marques","vestiges","empreinte"],"en":["tracks","mark","print","impression"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":["あと"],"ex":[["跡","あと","trace, vestige","trace, mark"],["遺跡","いせき","ruines, site archéologique","ruins, remains"]]},{"c":"包","s":5,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["emballer","envelopper","recouvrir","cacher"],"en":["wrap","pack up","cover","conceal"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["つつ.む","くる.む"],"ex":[["包括","ほうかつ","inclusion, globalité","comprehensive, inclusion"],["包む","つつむ","envelopper","to wrap"]]},{"c":"駐","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["stationner","résident"],"en":["stop-over","reside in","resident"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["駐車場","ちゅうしゃじょう","parking","parking lot"],["駐在","ちゅうざい","poste à l’étranger, résidence sur place","being stationed"]]},{"c":"貢","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["tribut","contribution","financer"],"en":["tribute","support","finance"],"on":["コウ","ク"],"kun":["みつ.ぐ"],"ex":[["貢献","こうけん","contribution","contribution, services"]]},{"c":"鹿","s":11,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["cerf"],"en":["deer"],"on":["ロク"],"kun":["しか","か"],"ex":[["鹿","しか","cerf, biche","deer"],["馬鹿","ばか","idiot, imbécile","fool, idiot"]]},{"c":"弱","s":10,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["faible","fragile"],"en":["weak","frail"],"on":["ジャク"],"kun":["よわ.い","よわ.る","よわ.まる","よわ.める"],"ex":[["弱点","じゃくてん","point faible","weak point, weakness"],["弱者","じゃくしゃ","les faibles","the weak"]]},{"c":"却","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["au lieu de","au contraire","plutôt"],"en":["instead","on the contrary","rather","step back"],"on":["キャク"],"kun":["かえ.って","しりぞ.く","しりぞ.ける"],"ex":[["売却","ばいきゃく","vente, cession","sale, disposal"],["冷却","れいきゃく","refroidissement","cooling"]]},{"c":"端","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["bord","origine","bout","pointe"],"en":["edge","origin","end","point"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["はし","は","はた","ばた"],"ex":[["端","はじ","bord, extrémité","edge, end"],["極端","きょくたん","extrême","extreme, extremity"]]},{"c":"賃","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["tarif","prix","frais","charges"],"en":["fare","fee","hire","rent"],"on":["チン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["賃金","ちんぎん","salaire","wages"],["賃上げ","ちんあげ","augmentation de salaire","wage increase"]]},{"c":"折","s":7,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["plier","casser","fracture","courber"],"en":["fold","break","fracture","bend"],"on":["セツ","シャク"],"kun":["お.る","おり","お.り","お.り"],"ex":[["折衝","せっしょう","négociation","negotiation"],["時折","ときおり","de temps en temps","sometimes, from time to time"]]},{"c":"紹","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["présentations","introduction","hériter","aider"],"en":["introduce","inherit","help"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["紹介","しょうかい","présentation","introduction"],["自己紹介","じこしょうかい","présentation de soi","self-introduction"]]},{"c":"獲","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["prise","capturer","obtenir","gagner"],"en":["seize","get","find","earn"],"on":["カク"],"kun":["え.る"],"ex":[["獲得","かくとく","acquisition, obtention","acquisition, winning"],["捕獲","ほかく","capture","capture, seizure"]]},{"c":"郡","s":10,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["comté","arrondissement"],"en":["county","district"],"on":["グン"],"kun":["こおり"],"ex":[["郡","ぐん","district","district, county"],["郡部","ぐんぶ","zones rurales","rural districts"]]},{"c":"併","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["faire correspondre","joindre","unir","cependant"],"en":["join","get together","unite","collective"],"on":["ヘイ"],"kun":["あわ.せる"],"ex":[["合併","がっぺい","fusion","merger"],["併用","へいよう","utilisation conjointe","combined use"]]},{"c":"草","s":9,"l":1,"g":1,"fr":["herbe","mauvaise herbe","plantes","pâturage"],"en":["grass","weeds","herbs","pasture"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["くさ","くさ","ぐさ"],"ex":[["草","くさ","herbe","grass"],["草案","そうあん","projet, ébauche","draft"]]},{"c":"徹","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["pénétrer","clair (limpide)","percer","toucher (cible)"],"en":["penetrate","clear","pierce","strike home"],"on":["テツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["徹底","てってい","rigueur, à fond","thoroughness"],["徹夜","てつや","nuit blanche","all-nighter"]]},{"c":"貴","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["précieux","de valeur","prisé","estimé"],"en":["precious","value","prize","esteem"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["たっと.い","とうと.い","たっと.ぶ","とうと.ぶ"],"ex":[["貴重","きちょう","précieux","precious, valuable"],["貴族","きぞく","noble, aristocrate","noble, aristocrat"]]},{"c":"埼","s":11,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["cap","promontoire","pointe"],"en":["cape","spit","promontory"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["さき","さい","みさき"],"ex":[["埼玉","さいたま","Saitama","Saitama"]]},{"c":"衝","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["collision","choc","route principale","opposition (astronomie)"],"en":["collide","brunt","highway","opposition (astronomy)"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["つ.く"],"ex":[["衝突","しょうとつ","collision, conflit","collision, crash"],["折衝","せっしょう","négociation","negotiation"]]},{"c":"焦","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["carboniser","roussir","brûler","impatient"],"en":["char","hurry","impatient","irritate"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["こ.げる","こ.がす","こ.がれる","あせ.る"],"ex":[["焦点","しょうてん","foyer, point central","focus"],["焦り","あせり","impatience, précipitation","impatience, hurry"]]},{"c":"奪","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["dérober","prendre de force","arracher (des mains)","déposséder"],"en":["rob","take by force","snatch away","dispossess"],"on":["ダツ"],"kun":["うば.う"],"ex":[["奪う","うばう","ravir, prendre de force","to take away, to rob"],["奪三振","だつさんしん","retrait sur trois prises (baseball)","strikeout (baseball)"]]},{"c":"雇","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["employer","embaucher"],"en":["employ","hire"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["やと.う"],"ex":[["雇用","こよう","emploi","employment"],["解雇","かいこ","licenciement","dismissal"]]},{"c":"災","s":7,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["désastre","catastrophe","calamité","malheur"],"en":["disaster","calamity","woe","curse"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":["わざわ.い"],"ex":[["災害","さいがい","catastrophe","disaster"],["火災","かさい","incendie","fire"]]},{"c":"浦","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["baie","crique","anse","golfe"],"en":["bay","creek","inlet","gulf"],"on":["ホ"],"kun":["うら"],"ex":[["浦","うら","baie, anse","bay, inlet"]]},{"c":"暮","s":14,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["mener sa vie","vivre","arriver à son terme","coucher de soleil"],"en":["evening","twilight","season's end","livelihood"],"on":["ボ"],"kun":["く.れる","く.らす"],"ex":[["暮らし","くらし","vie quotidienne","life, living"],["暮れ","くれ","fin d’année","end (of year)"]]},{"c":"替","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["substituer","remplacer","échanger"],"en":["exchange","spare","substitute","per-"],"on":["タイ"],"kun":["か.える","か.え","か.わる"],"ex":[["為替","かわせ","change, mandat","exchange, money order"],["代替","だいたい","remplacement","substitute, alternative"]]},{"c":"析","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["analyser","hacher","déchirer","diviser"],"en":["chop","divide","tear","analyze"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["分析","ぶんせき","analyse","analysis"],["解析","かいせき","analyse détaillée","analysis"]]},{"c":"預","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["dépôt","garde","laisser avec","confier"],"en":["deposit","custody","leave with","entrust to"],"on":["ヨ"],"kun":["あず.ける","あず.かる"],"ex":[["預金","よきん","dépôt bancaire","deposit"],["定期預金","ていきよきん","dépôt à terme","time deposit"]]},{"c":"焼","s":12,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["griller","brûler"],"en":["bake","burning"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["や.く","や.き","や.き","や.き"],"ex":[["燃焼","ねんしょう","combustion","combustion"],["焼却","しょうきゃく","incinération","incineration"]]},{"c":"簡","s":18,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["simplicité","brièveté"],"en":["simplicity","brevity"],"on":["カン","ケン"],"kun":["えら.ぶ","ふだ"],"ex":[["簡単","かんたん","simple, facile","simple, easy"],["書簡","しょかん","lettre","letter"]]},{"c":"譲","s":20,"l":1,"fr":["céder","transférer","transmettre"],"en":["defer","turnover","transfer","convey"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["ゆず.る"],"ex":[["譲歩","じょうほ","concession","concession"],["譲渡","じょうと","cession, transfert","transfer, assignment"]]},{"c":"称","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["appellation","louanges","admirer","nom"],"en":["appellation","praise","admire","name"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["たた.える","とな.える","あ.げる","かな.う"],"ex":[["名称","めいしょう","nom, appellation","name, title"],["敬称","けいしょう","titre honorifique","honorific title"]]},{"c":"納","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["installer","obtenir","récolter","payer"],"en":["settlement","obtain","reap","pay"],"on":["ノウ","ナッ","ナ","ナン"],"kun":["おさ.める","おさ.める","おさ.まる"],"ex":[["納税","のうぜい","paiement des impôts","payment of taxes"],["納得","なっとく","comprendre et accepter, être convaincu","being convinced, accepting"]]},{"c":"樹","s":16,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["grume","bois"],"en":["timber","trees","wood","establish"],"on":["ジュ"],"kun":["き"],"ex":[["樹立","じゅりつ","établissement, instauration","establishment"],["樹木","じゅもく","arbre","trees"]]},{"c":"挑","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["défier","rivaliser","provoquer","faire des avances"],"en":["challenge","contend for","make love to"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["いど.む"],"ex":[["挑戦","ちょうせん","défi","challenge"],["挑発","ちょうはつ","provocation","provocation"]]},{"c":"章","s":11,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["badge","clairement visible","composition","poème"],"en":["badge","chapter","composition","poem"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["文章","ぶんしょう","texte, phrase","text, writing"],["憲章","けんしょう","charte","charter"]]},{"c":"臓","s":19,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["entrailles","viscères","intestins"],"en":["entrails","viscera","bowels"],"on":["ゾウ"],"kun":["はらわた"],"ex":[["臓器","ぞうき","organe interne","internal organ"],["心臓","しんぞう","cœur (organe)","heart"]]},{"c":"律","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["rythme","ordonner","loi","régulation"],"en":["rhythm","law","regulation","gauge"],"on":["リツ","リチ","レツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["法律","ほうりつ","loi","law"],["一律","いちりつ","uniforme, sans distinction","uniform, across the board"]]},{"c":"誘","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["inviter","entraîner","tenter","inciter"],"en":["entice","lead","tempt","invite"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":["さそ.う","いざな.う"],"ex":[["誘拐","ゆうかい","enlèvement","kidnapping"],["誘導","ゆうどう","guidage, orientation","guidance, leading"]]},{"c":"紛","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["emmêler","confusion","s'égarer","détourner"],"en":["distract","be mistaken for","go astray","divert"],"on":["フン"],"kun":["まぎ.れる","まぎ.れ","まぎ.らす","まぎ.らわす"],"ex":[["紛争","ふんそう","conflit, litige","dispute, conflict"],["紛糾","ふんきゅう","complication, imbroglio","complication, turmoil"]]},{"c":"至","s":6,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["aboutissement","paroxysme","solstice","atteindre"],"en":["climax","arrive","proceed","reach"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["いた.る"],"ex":[["至って","いたって","extrêmement, très","extremely"],["至上","しじょう","suprême","supreme"]]},{"c":"宗","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["religion","secte","confession","point principal"],"en":["religion","sect","denomination","main point"],"on":["シュウ","ソウ"],"kun":["むね"],"ex":[["宗教","しゅうきょう","religion","religion"],["宗門","しゅうもん","secte, école bouddhique","sect, denomination"]]},{"c":"促","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["stimuler","encourager","pousser à","inciter"],"en":["stimulate","urge","press","demand"],"on":["ソク"],"kun":["うなが.す"],"ex":[["促進","そくしん","promotion, accélération","promotion, acceleration"],["促す","うながす","inciter, presser","to urge, to prompt"]]},{"c":"慎","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["humilité","circonspect","discret","prudent"],"en":["humility","be careful","discreet","prudent"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["つつし.む","つつ.ましい","つつし","つつし.み"],"ex":[["慎重","しんちょう","prudent, circonspect","careful, cautious"],["謹慎","きんしん","retrait disciplinaire, mise à l’écart","disciplinary suspension, seclusion"]]},{"c":"控","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["se retenir","s'abstenir","se retirer","réservé"],"en":["withdraw","draw in","hold back","refrain from"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["ひか.える","ひか.え"],"ex":[["控える","ひかえる","s’abstenir, se retenir","to refrain, to hold back"],["控訴","こうそ","appel judiciaire","appeal (to a higher court)"]]},{"c":"贈","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["cadeau","envoyer","offrir","donner"],"en":["presents","send","give to","award to"],"on":["ゾウ","ソウ"],"kun":["おく.る"],"ex":[["贈る","おくる","offrir, faire don","to give, to present"],["贈賄","ぞうわい","corruption active","bribery"]]},{"c":"握","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["s'agripper","tenir","mouler (sushis)","soudoyer"],"en":["grip","hold","mould sushi","bribe"],"on":["アク"],"kun":["にぎ.る"],"ex":[["握手","あくしゅ","poignée de main","handshake"],["把握","はあく","saisir, comprendre","grasp, understanding"]]},{"c":"照","s":13,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["illuminer","briller","comparer","timide"],"en":["illuminate","shine","compare","bashful"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["て.る","て.らす","て.れる"],"ex":[["対照的","たいしょうてき","contrasté, opposé","contrasting"],["参照","さんしょう","référence, renvoi","reference, consultation"]]},{"c":"宙","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["plein ciel","air","espace","mémorisation"],"en":["mid-air","air","space","sky"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["宇宙","うちゅう","univers, espace","universe, space"],["宙","ちゅう","air, vide","air, midair"]]},{"c":"酒","s":10,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["saké","alcool"],"en":["sake","alcohol"],"on":["シュ"],"kun":["さけ","さか"],"ex":[["酒","さけ","alcool, saké","alcohol, sake"],["酒類","しゅるい","boissons alcoolisées","alcoholic drinks"]]},{"c":"俊","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["sagacité","génie","excellence","avisé"],"en":["sagacious","genius","excellence"],"on":["シュン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["俊足","しゅんそく","coureur rapide","fast runner"],["英俊","えいしゅん","génie, prodige","genius, prodigy"]]},{"c":"銭","s":14,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["piécette","monnaie","1 centime de yen"],"en":["coin",".01 yen","money"],"on":["セン","ゼン"],"kun":["ぜに","すき"],"ex":[["金銭","きんせん","argent","money"],["銭","せん","monnaie, sou","coin, small change"]]},{"c":"薄","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["fin","dilué","léger (thé)"],"en":["dilute","thin","weak (tea)","pampas grass"],"on":["ハク"],"kun":["うす.い","うす","うす","うす.める"],"ex":[["希薄","きはく","ténu, peu dense","thin, sparse"],["薄れる","うすれる","s’estomper, s’affaiblir","to fade, to weaken"]]},{"c":"渋","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["astringent","hésiter","rechigner","diarrhée"],"en":["astringent","hesitate","reluctant","have diarrhea"],"on":["ジュウ","シュウ"],"kun":["しぶ","しぶ.い","しぶ.る"],"ex":[["渋滞","じゅうたい","embouteillage","traffic jam"],["苦渋","くじゅう","amertume, affliction","bitterness, anguish"]]},{"c":"群","s":13,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["troupeau","groupe","foule","essaim"],"en":["flock","group","crowd","herd"],"on":["グン"],"kun":["む.れる","む.れ","むら","むら.がる"],"ex":[["抜群","ばつぐん","remarquable, hors pair","outstanding"],["群れ","むれ","troupeau, groupe","herd, crowd"]]},{"c":"銃","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["fusil","armes"],"en":["gun","arms"],"on":["ジュウ"],"kun":["つつ"],"ex":[["銃","じゅう","arme à feu, fusil","gun, rifle"],["銃撃","じゅうげき","fusillade","shooting"]]},{"c":"悲","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["triste","peine","déplorer","regret"],"en":["grieve","sad","deplore","regret"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["かな.しい","かな.しむ"],"ex":[["悲劇","ひげき","tragédie","tragedy"],["悲しみ","かなしみ","tristesse, chagrin","sadness, sorrow"]]},{"c":"秒","s":9,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["seconde"],"en":["second (1/60 minute)"],"on":["ビョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["秒読み","びょうよみ","compte à rebours","countdown"],["秒速","びょうそく","vitesse par seconde","speed per second"]]},{"c":"操","s":16,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["manipuler","manoeuvre","faite marcher","diriger"],"en":["maneuver","manipulate","operate","steer"],"on":["ソウ","サン"],"kun":["みさお","あやつ.る"],"ex":[["操作","そうさ","manipulation, opération","operation, handling"],["操縦","そうじゅう","pilotage","piloting, steering"]]},{"c":"携","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["portatif","porter en main","armé (d'un ..)","amener"],"en":["portable","carry (in hand)","armed with","bring along"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["たずさ.える","たずさ.わる"],"ex":[["連携","れんけい","coopération, coordination","cooperation, coordination"],["提携","ていけい","partenariat, alliance","partnership, tie-up"]]},{"c":"奥","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["intérieur","coeur","fond","épouse"],"en":["heart","interior"],"on":["オウ"],"kun":["おく","おく.まる","くま"],"ex":[["奥","おく","fond, intérieur","interior, back"],["奥行き","おくゆき","profondeur","depth"]]},{"c":"診","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["examiner","diagnostic","bilan de santé","auscultation"],"en":["checkup","seeing","diagnose","examine"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["み.る"],"ex":[["診断","しんだん","diagnostic","diagnosis"],["診療","しんりょう","consultation médicale, soins","medical examination and treatment"]]},{"c":"詰","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["hermétiquement clos","conserve","coincé","réprimande"],"en":["packed","close","pressed","reprove"],"on":["キツ","キチ"],"kun":["つ.める","つ.め","づ.め","つ.まる"],"ex":[["大詰め","おおづめ","dernière étape, dénouement","final stage, climax"],["缶詰","かんづめ","conserve","canned food"]]},{"c":"託","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["confier","requête","remettre","prétexter"],"en":["consign","requesting","entrusting with","pretend"],"on":["タク"],"kun":["かこつ.ける","かこ.つ","かこ.つける"],"ex":[["信託","しんたく","fiducie, confiance","trust"],["委託","いたく","délégation, mandat","entrusting, consignment"]]},{"c":"晴","s":12,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["éclaircir"],"en":["clear up"],"on":["セイ"],"kun":["は.れる","は.れ","は.れ","ば.れ"],"ex":[["晴れ","はれ","beau temps, temps dégagé","clear weather"],["快晴","かいせい","ciel dégagé, grand beau temps","clear weather, fine weather"]]},{"c":"撮","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["photographier"],"en":["snapshot","take pictures"],"on":["サツ"],"kun":["と.る","つま.む","ど.り"],"ex":[["撮影","さつえい","prise de vue, tournage","photographing, filming"],["撮る","とる","photographier, filmer","to take (a photo)"]]},{"c":"誕","s":15,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["nativité","être né","déclinaison","exagération"],"en":["nativity","be born","declension","lie"],"on":["タン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["誕生","たんじょう","naissance","birth"],["生誕","せいたん","naissance solennelle","birth"]]},{"c":"侵","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["intrusion","invasion","empiéter","raid"],"en":["encroach","invade","raid","trespass"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["おか.す"],"ex":[["侵略","しんりゃく","invasion","invasion, raid"],["侵害","しんがい","atteinte, violation","infringement"]]},{"c":"括","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["lier","attacher","arrêter","serrer"],"en":["fasten","tie up","arrest","constrict"],"on":["カツ"],"kun":["くく.る"],"ex":[["包括","ほうかつ","inclusion, globalité","comprehensive, inclusion"],["総括","そうかつ","bilan, synthèse","summing up"]]},{"c":"掛","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["accrocher","suspendre","dépendre","arriver à"],"en":["hang","suspend","depend","arrive at"],"on":["カイ","ケイ"],"kun":["か.ける","か.ける","か.け","か.け"],"ex":[["仕掛け","しかけ","mécanisme, dispositif","device, mechanism"],["呼び掛け","よびかけ","appel","call, appeal"]]},{"c":"謝","s":17,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["excuses","remerciements","refus"],"en":["apologize","thank","refuse"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["あやま.る"],"ex":[["謝罪","しゃざい","excuses","apology"],["感謝","かんしゃ","remerciement, gratitude","thanks, gratitude"]]},{"c":"双","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["paire","ensemble (groupe d'objets)","comparaison","compteur de paires"],"en":["pair","set","comparison","counter for pairs"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["ふた","たぐい","ならぶ","ふたつ"],"ex":[["双方","そうほう","les deux parties","both parties"],["双","そう","paire","pair"]]},{"c":"孝","s":7,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["piété filiale","respect des anciens"],"en":["filial piety","child's respect"],"on":["コウ","キョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["孝行","こうこう","piété filiale","filial piety"],["親孝行","おやこうこう","piété filiale envers ses parents","filial piety"]]},{"c":"刺","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["piquer","coudre","enfoncer","percer"],"en":["thorn","pierce","stab","prick"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["さ.す","さ.さる","さ.し","さし"],"ex":[["刺激","しげき","stimulation, excitation","stimulus, excitement"],["名刺","めいし","carte de visite","business card"]]},{"c":"到","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["arrivée","atteindre","arriver à","aboutir à"],"en":["arrival","proceed","reach","attain"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["いた.る"],"ex":[["到着","とうちゃく","arrivée","arrival"],["到来","とうらい","arrivée, venue","arrival, advent"]]},{"c":"駆","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["conduire","courir","galoper","aiguillonner"],"en":["drive","run","gallop","advance"],"on":["ク"],"kun":["か.ける","か.る"],"ex":[["駆使","くし","faire un usage poussé de","to make full use of"],["駆け引き","かけひき","manœuvres, tactique","bargaining, tactics"]]},{"c":"寝","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["être couché","dormir","se reposer","lit"],"en":["lie down","sleep","rest","bed"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["ね.る","ね.かす","い.ぬ","みたまや"],"ex":[["寝室","しんしつ","chambre à coucher","bedroom"],["寝る","ねる","dormir, se coucher","to sleep, to go to bed"]]},{"c":"透","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["transparent","s'infiltrer","pénétrer"],"en":["transparent","permeate","filter","penetrate"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["す.く","す.かす","す.ける","とう.る"],"ex":[["不透明","ふとうめい","opacité, flou","opacity, obscurity"],["透明","とうめい","transparent, clair","transparent, clear"]]},{"c":"津","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["havre","port","bac"],"en":["haven","port","harbor","ferry"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["つ"],"ex":[["津波","つなみ","tsunami, raz-de-marée","tsunami, tidal wave"]]},{"c":"壁","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["mur","paroi (estomac)","barrière"],"en":["wall","lining (stomach)","fence"],"on":["ヘキ"],"kun":["かべ"],"ex":[["壁","かべ","mur","wall"],["障壁","しょうへき","barrière, obstacle","barrier, obstacle"]]},{"c":"稲","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["plant de riz"],"en":["rice plant"],"on":["トウ","テ"],"kun":["いね","いな"],"ex":[["稲","いね","plant de riz","rice plant"],["稲作","いなさく","riziculture, récolte de riz","rice cultivation, rice crop"]]},{"c":"仮","s":6,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["factice","intérim","temporaire","emprunt (nom d')"],"en":["sham","temporary","interim","assumed (name)"],"on":["カ","ケ"],"kun":["かり","かり"],"ex":[["仮に","かりに","à supposer que, provisoirement","supposing, temporarily"],["仮称","かしょう","nom provisoire","temporary name, provisional name"]]},{"c":"裂","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["fente","déchirer","arracher"],"en":["split","rend","tear"],"on":["レツ"],"kun":["さ.く","さ.ける","ぎ.れ"],"ex":[["分裂","ぶんれつ","scission, division","split, division"],["亀裂","きれつ","fissure, fêlure","crack, crevice"]]},{"c":"敏","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["vivacité d'esprit","vif","intelligent"],"en":["cleverness","agile","alert"],"on":["ビン"],"kun":["さとい"],"ex":[["敏感","びんかん","sensible, vif","sensitive, alert"],["過敏","かびん","hypersensibilité, nervosité","nervousness, oversensitivity"]]},{"c":"純","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["authentique","pureté","innocence","net (bénéfice)"],"en":["genuine","purity","innocence","net (profit)"],"on":["ジュン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["単純","たんじゅん","simple, sans détour","simple, plain"],["純粋","じゅんすい","pur, véritable","pure, true"]]},{"c":"是","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["comme il faut","ceci","juste","justice"],"en":["just so","this","right","justice"],"on":["ゼ","シ"],"kun":["これ","この","ここ"],"ex":[["是正","ぜせい","correction, rectification","correction, revision"],["是非","ぜひ","à tout prix, absolument","by all means, without fail"]]},{"c":"排","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["répudier","exclure","rejeter","expulser"],"en":["repudiate","exclude","expel","reject"],"on":["ハイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["排出","はいしゅつ","évacuation, rejet","discharge, evacuation"],["排除","はいじょ","exclusion, élimination","exclusion, removal"]]},{"c":"裕","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["abondant","riche","fertile","opulent"],"en":["abundant","rich","fertile"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["余裕","よゆう","marge, aisance","margin, leeway"],["富裕","ふゆう","richesse, aisance","wealth, riches"]]},{"c":"堅","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["tenace","dur","strict","solide"],"en":["strict","hard","solid","tough"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["かた.い","がた.い"],"ex":[["中堅","ちゅうけん","noyau dur, cadre intermédiaire","core, mid-level"],["堅持","けんじ","maintien, attachement","holding on to, sticking to"]]},{"c":"訳","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["traduire","excuse","cause","circonstance"],"en":["translate","reason","circumstance","case"],"on":["ヤク"],"kun":["わけ"],"ex":[["翻訳","ほんやく","traduction","translation"],["内訳","うちわけ","détail, ventilation","breakdown, itemization"]]},{"c":"盗","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["vol","dérober","chaparder"],"en":["steal","rob","pilfer"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["ぬす.む","ぬす.み"],"ex":[["強盗","ごうとう","voleur, cambrioleur","robber, burglar"],["盗む","ぬすむ","voler, dérober","to steal"]]},{"c":"芝","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["pelouse","gazon"],"en":["turf","lawn"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["しば"],"ex":[["芝居","しばい","théâtre, pièce","play, drama"],["芝","しば","pelouse, gazon","lawn, sod"]]},{"c":"綱","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["haussière","classe (genre)","corde","câble"],"en":["hawser","class (genus)","rope","cord"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["つな"],"ex":[["横綱","よこづな","yokozuna (grand champion de sumo)","yokozuna, grand champion"],["大綱","たいこう","principes fondamentaux","fundamental principles, main lines"]]},{"c":"吸","s":6,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["aspirer","absorber","inhaler","siroter"],"en":["suck","imbibe","inhale","sip"],"on":["キュウ"],"kun":["す.う"],"ex":[["呼吸","こきゅう","respiration","breathing, respiration"],["吸収","きゅうしゅう","absorption","absorption, suction"]]},{"c":"典","s":8,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["code","cérémonie","loi","règle"],"en":["code","ceremony","law","rule"],"on":["テン","デン"],"kun":["ふみ","のり"],"ex":[["式典","しきてん","cérémonie","ceremony, rites"],["古典","こてん","classique, œuvre classique","classic, the classics"]]},{"c":"賀","s":12,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["félicitations","joie"],"en":["congratulations","joy"],"on":["ガ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["祝賀","しゅくが","célébration, félicitations","celebration, congratulations"]]},{"c":"扱","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["manoeuvrer","prendre en main","battre","arracher"],"en":["handle","entertain","thresh","strip"],"on":["ソウ","キュウ"],"kun":["あつか.い","あつか.う","あつか.る","こ.く"],"ex":[["扱い","あつかい","traitement, manière de traiter","treatment, handling"],["取り扱い","とりあつかい","traitement, manipulation","handling, treatment"]]},{"c":"顧","s":21,"l":1,"fr":["considération","conseiller","revoir","reconsidérer"],"en":["look back","review","examine oneself","turn around"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["かえり.みる"],"ex":[["顧問","こもん","conseiller","adviser, advisor"],["顧客","こきゃく","client","customer, client"]]},{"c":"看","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["regarder attentivement","veiller sur"],"en":["watch over","see"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["み.る"],"ex":[["看板","かんばん","enseigne, panneau","signboard, sign"],["看護","かんご","soins infirmiers","nursing"]]},{"c":"訟","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["accusation","poursuites"],"en":["sue","accuse"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["訴訟","そしょう","procès, litige","lawsuit, litigation"],["行政訴訟","ぎょうせいそしょう","contentieux administratif","administrative litigation"]]},{"c":"戒","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["châtiment","avertissement"],"en":["commandment"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":["いまし.める"],"ex":[["警戒","けいかい","vigilance, précaution","vigilance, caution"],["懲戒","ちょうかい","sanction disciplinaire","discipline, punishment"]]},{"c":"祉","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["bien-être","bonheur"],"en":["welfare","happiness"],"on":["シ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["福祉","ふくし","bien-être social, protection sociale","welfare, social well-being"],["社会福祉","しゃかいふくし","protection sociale","social welfare"]]},{"c":"誉","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["réputation","louanges","honneur","gloire"],"en":["reputation","praise","honor","glory"],"on":["ヨ"],"kun":["ほま.れ","ほ.める"],"ex":[["名誉","めいよ","honneur, prestige","honor, prestige"],["栄誉","えいよ","gloire, honneur","honor, glory"]]},{"c":"歓","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["joie","plaisir","ravissement"],"en":["delight","joy"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["よろこ.ぶ"],"ex":[["歓迎","かんげい","accueil chaleureux","welcome"],["歓声","かんせい","cris de joie, acclamations","cheer, shout of joy"]]},{"c":"奏","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["jouer de la musique","concert","parler à l'Empereur","mener à bien"],"en":["play music","speak to a ruler","complete"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["かな.でる"],"ex":[["演奏","えんそう","exécution musicale","musical performance"],["協奏曲","きょうそうきょく","concerto","concerto"]]},{"c":"勧","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["persuader","recommander","conseiller","encourager"],"en":["persuade","recommend","advise","encourage"],"on":["カン","ケン"],"kun":["すす.める"],"ex":[["勧告","かんこく","recommandation, avertissement","recommendation, advice"],["勧め","すすめ","conseil, recommandation","advice, recommendation"]]},{"c":"騒","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["tapage","faire du bruit","clameur","émeute"],"en":["boisterous","make noise","clamor","disturb"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["さわ.ぐ","うれい","さわ.がしい"],"ex":[["騒ぎ","さわぎ","tapage, agitation","uproar, commotion"],["騒音","そうおん","bruit, nuisance sonore","noise"]]},{"c":"翌","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["suivant","celui d'après"],"en":["the following","next"],"on":["ヨク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["翌日","よくじつ","lendemain","next day"],["翌年","よくねん","année suivante","following year"]]},{"c":"陽","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["Yang","soleil","éclat solaire","positif"],"en":["sunshine","yang principle","positive","male"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["ひ"],"ex":[["太陽","たいよう","soleil","Sun"],["陽子","ようし","proton","proton"]]},{"c":"閥","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["clique","lignée","ascendance","faction"],"en":["clique","lineage","pedigree","faction"],"on":["バツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["派閥","はばつ","faction, clan","clique, faction"],["財閥","ざいばつ","conglomérat financier, zaibatsu","financial conglomerate, zaibatsu"]]},{"c":"甲","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["armure","carapace","haute (voix)","premier ordre"],"en":["armor","high (voice)","A grade","first class"],"on":["コウ","カン"],"kun":["きのえ"],"ex":[["装甲","そうこう","blindage","armor plating"],["甲板","かんぱん","pont (de navire)","deck"]]},{"c":"快","s":7,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["agréable","gai","plaisant","confortable"],"en":["cheerful","pleasant","agreeable","comfortable"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":["こころよ.い"],"ex":[["快適","かいてき","agréable, confortable","pleasant, agreeable"],["明快","めいかい","clair, net","clear"]]},{"c":"縄","s":15,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["corde","corde de paille"],"en":["straw rope","cord"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["なわ","ただ.す"],"ex":[["沖縄","おきなわ","Okinawa","Okinawa"],["縄文","じょうもん","période Jōmon","Jōmon period"]]},{"c":"片","s":4,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["simple face","feuille","radical côté droit (no. 91)"],"en":["one-sided","leaf","sheet","right-side kata radical (no. 91)"],"on":["ヘン"],"kun":["かた","かた"],"ex":[["片手","かたて","une main","one hand"],["破片","はへん","fragment, éclat","fragment, broken piece"]]},{"c":"郷","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["village natal","village","lieu de naissance","région"],"en":["home town","village","native place","district"],"on":["キョウ","ゴウ"],"kun":["さと"],"ex":[["郷土","きょうど","pays natal, terroir","native place, birth-place"],["郷里","きょうり","ville natale","hometown, birthplace"]]},{"c":"敬","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["respect","déférence","honorer","révérer"],"en":["awe","respect","honor","revere"],"on":["ケイ","キョウ"],"kun":["うやま.う"],"ex":[["敬称","けいしょう","titre honorifique","honorific title"],["敬意","けいい","respect","respect, honour"]]},{"c":"揺","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["balancer","secouer","osciller","trembler"],"en":["swing","shake","sway","rock"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["ゆ.れる","ゆ.る","ゆ.らぐ","ゆ.るぐ"],"ex":[["動揺","どうよう","agitation, trouble","shaking, trembling"],["揺さぶり","ゆさぶり","ébranlement, secousse","shaking, shake-up"]]},{"c":"免","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["excuser","licenciement"],"en":["excuse","dismissal"],"on":["メン"],"kun":["まぬか.れる","まぬが.れる"],"ex":[["免許","めんきょ","permis, licence","license, licence"],["免疫","めんえき","immunité","immunity"]]},{"c":"既","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["déjà","auparavant","il y a longtemps"],"en":["previously","already","long ago"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["すで.に"],"ex":[["既に","すでに","déjà","already, too late"],["既存","きそん","existant","existing"]]},{"c":"薦","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["recommander","natte","conseiller","encourager"],"en":["recommend","mat","advise","encourage"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["すす.める"],"ex":[["推薦","すいせん","recommandation","recommendation, referral"],["薦める","すすめる","recommander, proposer","to recommend, to propose"]]},{"c":"隣","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["voisin"],"en":["neighboring"],"on":["リン"],"kun":["とな.る","となり"],"ex":[["近隣","きんりん","voisinage, environs","neighbourhood, neighborhood"],["隣国","りんごく","pays voisin","neighbouring country"]]},{"c":"悩","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["soucieux","ennuis","peine","détresse"],"en":["trouble","worry","in pain","distress"],"on":["ノウ"],"kun":["なや.む","なや.ます","なや.ましい","なやみ"],"ex":[["悩み","なやみ","souci, tourment","worry, trouble"],["苦悩","くのう","angoisse, tourment","agony, anguish"]]},{"c":"華","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["splendeur","fleur","pétale","briller"],"en":["splendor","flower","petal","shine"],"on":["カ","ケ"],"kun":["はな"],"ex":[["中華","ちゅうか","Chine","China"],["豪華","ごうか","luxueux, somptueux","extravagant, lavish"]]},{"c":"泉","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["source","fontaine"],"en":["spring","fountain"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["いずみ"],"ex":[["温泉","おんせん","source chaude, onsen","hot spring"],["泉","いずみ","source, fontaine","spring, fountain"]]},{"c":"御","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["honorable","diriger","contrôler"],"en":["honorable","manipulate","govern"],"on":["ギョ","ゴ"],"kun":["おん","お","み"],"ex":[["防御","ぼうぎょ","défense","defense, defence"],["制御","せいぎょ","contrôle, maîtrise","control"]]},{"c":"範","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["modèle","exemple"],"en":["pattern","example","model"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["範囲","はんい","étendue, champ","range, scope"],["広範","こうはん","vaste, étendu","wide, extensive"]]},{"c":"隠","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["dissimuler","cacher","couvrir"],"en":["conceal","hide","cover"],"on":["イン","オン"],"kun":["かく.す","かく.し","かく.れる","よ.る"],"ex":[["隠す","かくす","cacher, dissimuler","to hide, to conceal"],["見え隠れ","みえかくれ","apparaître et disparaître","appearing and disappearing"]]},{"c":"徳","s":14,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["bienveillance","vertu","bonté","respectable"],"en":["benevolence","virtue","goodness","commanding respect"],"on":["トク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["道徳","どうとく","morale, éthique","morals"],["悪徳","あくとく","vice, immoralité","vice, immorality"]]},{"c":"皮","s":5,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["peau","cuir","fourrure","radical peau (no. 107)"],"en":["pelt","skin","hide","leather"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["かわ"],"ex":[["皮膚","ひふ","peau","skin"],["皮","かわ","peau, cuir","skin, leather"]]},{"c":"哲","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["philosophie","clair"],"en":["philosophy","clear"],"on":["テツ"],"kun":["さとい","あきらか"],"ex":[["哲学","てつがく","philosophie","philosophy"],["哲学的","てつがくてき","philosophique","philosophical"]]},{"c":"漁","s":14,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["pêcher (en masse)","pêcherie"],"en":["fishing","fishery"],"on":["ギョ","リョウ"],"kun":["あさ.る"],"ex":[["漁業","ぎょぎょう","pêche (industrie)","fishing industry, fishery"],["漁船","ぎょせん","bateau de pêche","fishing boat"]]},{"c":"杉","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["cèdre","cryptomère"],"en":["cedar","cryptomeria"],"on":["サン"],"kun":["すぎ"],"ex":[["杉","すぎ","cryptomère, cèdre du Japon","Japanese cedar"],["杉林","すぎばやし","forêt de cryptomères","cryptomeria forest"]]},{"c":"里","s":7,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["hameau","village natal","maison de ses parents","ri (3965 mètres)"],"en":["ri","village","parent's home","league"],"on":["リ"],"kun":["さと"],"ex":[["千里","せんり","très longue distance","a very long distance"],["郷里","きょうり","ville natale","hometown, birthplace"]]},{"c":"釈","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["explication","justification"],"en":["explanation"],"on":["シャク","セキ"],"kun":["とく","す.てる","ゆる.す"],"ex":[["解釈","かいしゃく","interprétation, explication","interpretation, explanation"],["釈放","しゃくほう","libération, remise en liberté","release, liberation"]]},{"c":"己","s":3,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["soi","serpent","signe du 6è tronc céleste"],"en":["self"],"on":["コ","キ"],"kun":["おのれ","つちのと","な"],"ex":[["自己","じこ","soi, soi-même","self, oneself"],["己","おのれ","soi-même","by oneself"]]},{"c":"荒","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["brutalité","dévaster","rude","sauvage"],"en":["laid waste","rough","rude","wild"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["あ.らす","あ.れる","あら.い","すさ.ぶ"],"ex":[["荒廃","こうはい","ruine, délabrement","ruin, destruction"],["荒れ","あれ","mauvais temps, agitation","rough weather, turbulence"]]},{"c":"貯","s":12,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["économies","épargne","réserve","stocker"],"en":["savings","store","lay in","keep"],"on":["チョ"],"kun":["た.める","たくわ.える"],"ex":[["貯金","ちょきん","épargne, économies","savings, deposit"],["貯蓄","ちょちく","épargne","savings"]]},{"c":"硬","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["dur","raide"],"en":["stiff","hard"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["かた.い"],"ex":[["強硬","きょうこう","ferme, dur","firm, strong"],["硬派","こうは","dur à cuire, partisan de la ligne dure","hardliner, tough guy"]]},{"c":"妥","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["aimable","calme","pacifique","approprié"],"en":["gentle","peace","satisfactory","appropriate"],"on":["ダ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["妥協","だきょう","compromis","compromise, giving in"],["妥結","だけつ","accord, règlement","settlement, an agreement"]]},{"c":"威","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["intimidant","dignité","majesté","menacer"],"en":["intimidate","dignity","majesty","menace"],"on":["イ"],"kun":["おど.す","おど.し","おど.かす"],"ex":[["脅威","きょうい","menace","threat, menace"],["権威","けんい","autorité, expert","authority, expert"]]},{"c":"豪","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["écrasant","grand","puissant","éminent"],"en":["overpowering","great","powerful","excelling"],"on":["ゴウ"],"kun":["えら.い"],"ex":[["豪華","ごうか","luxueux, somptueux","extravagant, lavish"],["強豪","きょうごう","équipe redoutable, colosse","powerhouse, strong team"]]},{"c":"熊","s":14,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["ours"],"en":["bear"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":["くま"],"ex":[["熊","くま","ours","bear"],["熊手","くまで","râteau","rake, fork"]]},{"c":"歯","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["dent","dentée (roue)","crémaillère (rail)"],"en":["tooth","cog"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["よわい","は","よわ.い","よわい.する"],"ex":[["歯止め","はどめ","frein, limite","brake, curb"],["歯科","しか","dentisterie","dentistry"]]},{"c":"滞","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["stagner","retard","arriérés"],"en":["stagnate","be delayed","overdue","arrears"],"on":["タイ","テイ"],"kun":["とどこお.る"],"ex":[["滞在","たいざい","séjour","stay, sojourn"],["渋滞","じゅうたい","embouteillage","traffic jam"]]},{"c":"微","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["ténu","délicat","insignifiant"],"en":["delicate","minuteness","insignificance"],"on":["ビ"],"kun":["かす.か"],"ex":[["微妙","びみょう","subtil, délicat","subtle, delicate"],["微生物","びせいぶつ","microbe, micro-organisme","microbe, germ"]]},{"c":"隆","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["protubérance","haut","noble","prospérité"],"en":["hump","high","noble","prosperity"],"on":["リュウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["隆盛","りゅうせい","prospérité, essor","prosperity, flourishing"],["隆起","りゅうき","soulèvement, surélévation","rise, uplift"]]},{"c":"埋","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["enterrer","être rempli","enfoncé"],"en":["bury","be filled up","embedded"],"on":["マイ"],"kun":["う.める","う.まる","う.もれる","うず.める"],"ex":[["埋める","うめる","enterrer","to bury"],["埋蔵","まいぞう","enfouissement, réserves enfouies","burying, buried reserves"]]},{"c":"症","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["symptôme","maladie"],"en":["symptoms","illness"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["症状","しょうじょう","symptômes, état","symptoms, condition"],["後遺症","こういしょう","séquelles","after-effects, sequelae"]]},{"c":"暫","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["un certain temps","temporaire","un moment","depuis longtemps"],"en":["temporarily","a while","moment","long time"],"on":["ザン"],"kun":["しばら.く"],"ex":[["暫定","ざんてい","provisoire, temporaire","provisional, temporary"],["暫く","しばらく","un moment, un instant","for a while"]]},{"c":"忠","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["loyauté","fidélité"],"en":["loyalty","fidelity","faithfulness"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["忠実","ちゅうじつ","fidèle, loyal","faithful, devoted"],["忠臣","ちゅうしん","serviteur loyal","loyal retainer, loyal subject"]]},{"c":"倉","s":10,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["cellier","entrepôt","dépôt","magasin"],"en":["godown","warehouse","storehouse","cellar"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["くら"],"ex":[["倉庫","そうこ","entrepôt","storehouse, warehouse"],["倉","くら","entrepôt, magasin","warehouse, storehouse"]]},{"c":"肝","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["foie","cran","courage","audace"],"en":["liver","pluck","nerve","chutzpah"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["きも"],"ex":[["肝","きも","foie, courage","liver, guts"],["肝臓","かんぞう","foie","liver"]]},{"c":"柱","s":9,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["poteau","cylindre","support"],"en":["pillar","post","cylinder","support"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":["はしら"],"ex":[["柱","はしら","pilier, poteau","pillar, post"],["支柱","しちゅう","étai, soutien","prop, support"]]},{"c":"喚","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["hurler","crier"],"en":["yell","cry","call","scream"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["わめ.く"],"ex":[["喚問","かんもん","convocation, audition","summons"],["喚起","かんき","évocation, éveil","arousal, evocation"]]},{"c":"沿","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["longer","suivre","parallèle à"],"en":["run alongside","follow along","run along","lie along"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["そ.う","ぞ.い"],"ex":[["沿って","そって","le long de","along, parallel to"],["沿岸","えんがん","côte, littoral","coast, shore"]]},{"c":"妙","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["bizarre","surprenant","mystère","merveilleux"],"en":["exquisite","strange","queer","mystery"],"on":["ミョウ","ビョウ"],"kun":["たえ"],"ex":[["微妙","びみょう","subtil, délicat","subtle, delicate"],["妙","みょう","étrange, merveilleux","strange, wonderful"]]},{"c":"唱","s":11,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["chant","choeur","réciter","invoquer"],"en":["chant","recite","call upon","yell"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["とな.える"],"ex":[["合唱","がっしょう","chant choral","ensemble singing, choral singing"],["合唱団","がっしょうだん","chorale","chorus group, choir"]]},{"c":"祭","s":11,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["rituel","fête","prières","célébration"],"en":["ritual","offer prayers","celebrate","deify"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":["まつ.る","まつ.り","まつり"],"ex":[["祭り","まつり","fête, festival","festival, feast"],["祭典","さいてん","fête, célébration","festival"]]},{"c":"袋","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["sac","sacoche","mère"],"en":["sack","bag","pouch"],"on":["タイ","ダイ"],"kun":["ふくろ"],"ex":[["袋","ふくろ","sac","bag"],["手袋","てぶくろ","gant, moufle","glove, mitten"]]},{"c":"索","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["câble","corde","chercher (index)"],"en":["cord","rope","searching","inquiring"],"on":["サク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["捜索","そうさく","recherche, perquisition","search, manhunt"],["模索","もさく","tâtonnement, recherche","groping, searching"]]},{"c":"誠","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["sincérité","avertir","prévenir","interdire"],"en":["sincerity","admonish","warn","prohibit"],"on":["セイ"],"kun":["まこと"],"ex":[["誠に","まことに","vraiment, en vérité","indeed, really"],["誠実","せいじつ","sincère, honnête","sincere, honest"]]},{"c":"忘","s":7,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["oublier"],"en":["forget"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["わす.れる"],"ex":[["忘年会","ぼうねんかい","fête de fin d’année","year-end party"],["忘れ去る","わすれさる","oublier complètement","to forget completely"]]},{"c":"襲","s":22,"l":1,"fr":["attaquer","assaillir","agresser","hériter"],"en":["attack","advance on","succeed to","pile"],"on":["シュウ"],"kun":["おそ.う","かさ.ね"],"ex":[["襲う","おそう","attaquer, assaillir","to attack, to assault"],["襲撃","しゅうげき","attaque, assaut","attack, assault"]]},{"c":"雪","s":11,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["neige"],"en":["snow"],"on":["セツ"],"kun":["ゆき"],"ex":[["雪","ゆき","neige","snow"],["雪辱","せつじょく","revanche, réhabilitation","revenge, redemption"]]},{"c":"筆","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["pinceau","écriture"],"en":["writing brush","writing","painting brush","handwriting"],"on":["ヒツ"],"kun":["ふで"],"ex":[["筆頭","ひっとう","premier, en tête","first, foremost"],["執筆","しっぴつ","rédaction, écriture","writing, authoring"]]},{"c":"吹","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["souffler","respirer","bouffées (fumée)","émettre"],"en":["blow","breathe","puff","emit"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["ふ.く"],"ex":[["吹雪","ふぶき","tempête de neige","snow storm, blizzard"],["息吹","いぶき","souffle, signe de vie","breath, sign of life"]]},{"c":"訓","s":10,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["instructions","lecture japonaise","explication","lire"],"en":["instruction","Japanese character reading","explanation","read"],"on":["クン","キン"],"kun":["おし.える","よ.む","くん.ずる"],"ex":[["訓練","くんれん","entraînement, formation","training, drill"],["教訓","きょうくん","leçon, enseignement","lesson, precept"]]},{"c":"懇","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["sociable","gentil","courtois","hospitalier"],"en":["sociable","kind","courteous","hospitable"],"on":["コン"],"kun":["ねんご.ろ"],"ex":[["懇談","こんだん","entretien informel","informal talk"],["懇親","こんしん","amitié, convivialité","friendship, intimacy"]]},{"c":"浴","s":10,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["bain","dorer (au soleil)","bénéficier de"],"en":["bathe","be favored with","bask in"],"on":["ヨク"],"kun":["あ.びる","あ.びせる"],"ex":[["浴びる","あびる","prendre (un bain de), recevoir","to bathe in, to be showered with"],["入浴","にゅうよく","bain","bathing, going in the bath"]]},{"c":"俳","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["acteur","haïku"],"en":["haiku","actor"],"on":["ハイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["俳優","はいゆう","acteur, actrice","actor, actress"],["俳句","はいく","haïku","haiku"]]},{"c":"童","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["jeune","enfant"],"en":["juvenile","child"],"on":["ドウ"],"kun":["わらべ"],"ex":[["児童","じどう","enfant d’âge scolaire","child, schoolchild"],["童話","どうわ","conte pour enfants","children's story, fairy tale"]]},{"c":"宝","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["trésor","richesses","objets de valeur"],"en":["treasure","wealth","valuables"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["たから"],"ex":[["宝","たから","trésor","treasure"],["宝石","ほうせき","pierre précieuse, joyau","gem, jewel"]]},{"c":"柄","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["dessin","motif","construire","nature"],"en":["design","pattern","build","nature"],"on":["ヘイ"],"kun":["がら","え","つか"],"ex":[["銘柄","めいがら","marque, titre boursier","brand, issue (stock)"],["人柄","ひとがら","personnalité, caractère","personality, character"]]},{"c":"驚","s":22,"l":1,"fr":["étonnement","surpris","effrayé","stupéfié"],"en":["wonder","be surprised","frightened","amazed"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["おどろ.く","おどろ.かす"],"ex":[["驚き","おどろき","surprise, étonnement","surprise, astonishment"],["驚異","きょうい","merveille, prodige","wonder, miracle"]]},{"c":"麻","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["chanvre","lin"],"en":["hemp","flax","numb"],"on":["マ","マア"],"kun":["あさ"],"ex":[["麻薬","まやく","stupéfiant, drogue","narcotic, drug"],["麻","あさ","chanvre, lin","hemp, flax"]]},{"c":"封","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["sceller","fermeture"],"en":["seal","closing"],"on":["フウ","ホウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["完封","かんぷう","blanchissage (match sans point encaissé)","shutout"],["封筒","ふうとう","enveloppe","envelope"]]},{"c":"胸","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["poitrine","seins","coeur","sentiments"],"en":["bosom","breast","chest","heart"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["むね","むな"],"ex":[["胸","むね","poitrine, torse","chest, breast"],["度胸","どきょう","courage, cran","courage, bravery"]]},{"c":"娘","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["fille"],"en":["daughter","girl"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["むすめ","こ"],"ex":[["娘","むすめ","fille","daughter"],["一人娘","ひとりむすめ","fille unique","only daughter"]]},{"c":"砂","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["sable"],"en":["sand"],"on":["サ","シャ"],"kun":["すな"],"ex":[["砂漠","さばく","désert","desert"],["砂","すな","sable","sand, grit"]]},{"c":"塩","s":13,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["sel"],"en":["salt"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["しお"],"ex":[["塩","しお","sel","salt"],["塩素","えんそ","chlore","chlorine"]]},{"c":"誤","s":14,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["erreur","faute","mal faire","induire en erreur"],"en":["mistake","err","do wrong","mislead"],"on":["ゴ"],"kun":["あやま.る","あやま.る"],"ex":[["誤り","あやまり","erreur, faute","error, mistake"],["誤解","ごかい","malentendu","misunderstanding"]]},{"c":"剤","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["dose","médicament","drogue","produit pour..."],"en":["dose","medicine","drug"],"on":["ザイ","スイ","セイ"],"kun":["かる","けず.る"],"ex":[["覚せい剤","かくせいざい","stimulant (drogue)","stimulant"],["洗剤","せんざい","détergent, lessive","detergent, cleanser"]]},{"c":"瀬","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["rapides","courant","torrent","hauts fonds"],"en":["rapids","current","torrent","shallows"],"on":["ライ"],"kun":["せ"],"ex":[["瀬戸","せと","détroit, chenal","strait, channel"],["瀬戸際","せとぎわ","extrémité, limite critique","brink, verge"]]},{"c":"趣","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["teneur","fond","aspect","apparence"],"en":["purport","gist","elegance","interest"],"on":["シュ"],"kun":["おもむき","おもむ.く"],"ex":[["趣旨","しゅし","sens, objet, but","gist, purpose"],["趣味","しゅみ","passe-temps, hobby","hobby, pastime"]]},{"c":"陥","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["s'écrouler","piège","tomber dans","capituler"],"en":["collapse","fall into","cave in","fall (castle)"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["おちい.る","おとしい.れる"],"ex":[["欠陥","けっかん","défaut","defect, flaw"],["陥落","かんらく","chute, rétrogradation","fall, demotion"]]},{"c":"斎","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["purification","nourriture bouddhiste","pièce","adorer"],"en":["purification","Buddhist food","room","worship"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":["とき","つつし.む","ものいみ","い.む"],"ex":[["斎場","さいじょう","salle de cérémonie funéraire","funeral hall"],["書斎","しょさい","bureau, cabinet de travail","study"]]},{"c":"貫","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["percer","kan (= 3750 g)","pénétrer","cohérence"],"en":["pierce","8 1/3lbs","penetrate","brace"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["つらぬ.く","ぬ.く","ぬき"],"ex":[["一貫","いっかん","cohérence, de bout en bout","consistency, from start to finish"],["突貫","とっかん","assaut, élan","charge, rush"]]},{"c":"仙","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["ermite","magicien","centime","sacrum"],"en":["hermit","wizard","cent"],"on":["セン","セント"],"kun":[],"ex":[["仙人","せんにん","ermite, sage immortel","hermit sage, immortal"],["仙台","せんだい","Sendai","Sendai"]]},{"c":"慰","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["réconforter","divertissement","séduire","consoler"],"en":["consolation","amusement","seduce","cheer"],"on":["イ"],"kun":["なぐさ.める","なぐさ.む"],"ex":[["慰安","いあん","réconfort, détente","solace, relaxation"],["慰霊","いれい","apaisement des âmes des défunts","consoling the spirits of the dead"]]},{"c":"賢","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["intelligent","sage","sagesse"],"en":["intelligent","wise","wisdom","cleverness"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["かしこ.い"],"ex":[["賢人","けんじん","sage, personne sage","wise person, sage"],["賢明","けんめい","sage, judicieux","wise, sensible"]]},{"c":"序","s":7,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["début","préface","ordre","priorité"],"en":["preface","beginning","order","precedence"],"on":["ジョ"],"kun":["つい.で","ついで"],"ex":[["秩序","ちつじょ","ordre, discipline","order, discipline"],["序盤","じょばん","début (de partie), phase initiale","opening stage"]]},{"c":"旬","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["décade","saison (fruits, poisson, ...)"],"en":["decameron","ten-day period","season (for specific products)"],"on":["ジュン","シュン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["下旬","げじゅん","dernière décade du mois","last third of a month"],["中旬","ちゅうじゅん","milieu du mois","middle of a month"]]},{"c":"腕","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["bras","aptitude","talent"],"en":["arm","ability","talent"],"on":["ワン"],"kun":["うで"],"ex":[["腕","うで","bras","arm"],["左腕","さわん","bras gauche","left arm"]]},{"c":"兼","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["simultanément","et","cumuler"],"en":["concurrently","and","beforehand","in advance"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["か.ねる","か.ねる"],"ex":[["兼","けん","cumul, aussi bien","also serving as"],["兼務","けんむ","cumul de fonctions","holding concurrent positions"]]},{"c":"聖","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["saint","sage","maître","prêtre"],"en":["holy","saint","sage","master"],"on":["セイ","ショウ"],"kun":["ひじり"],"ex":[["棋聖","きせい","maître de go","go master"],["聖域","せいいき","sanctuaire, domaine sacré","sanctuary, sacred ground"]]},{"c":"旨","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["délicieux","très bien","savoureux","avoir un penchant pour"],"en":["delicious","relish","show a liking for","purport"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["むね","うま.い"],"ex":[["趣旨","しゅし","sens, objet, but","gist, purpose"],["要旨","ようし","essentiel, résumé","point, essentials"]]},{"c":"即","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["instantané","c'est-à-dire","en l'état","se conformer"],"en":["instant","namely","as is","conform"],"on":["ソク"],"kun":["つ.く","つ.ける","すなわ.ち"],"ex":[["即時","そくじ","immédiat, sur-le-champ","prompt, immediate"],["即日","そくじつ","le jour même","the same day"]]},{"c":"洗","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["laver","fouiller","examiner"],"en":["wash","inquire into","probe"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["あら.う"],"ex":[["洗濯","せんたく","lessive, lavage","laundry, washing"],["洗剤","せんざい","détergent, lessive","detergent, cleanser"]]},{"c":"柳","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["saule"],"en":["willow"],"on":["リュウ"],"kun":["やなぎ"],"ex":[["柳","やなぎ","saule pleureur","weeping willow"],["川柳","せんりゅう","senryū, haïku humoristique","senryū, comic haiku"]]},{"c":"舎","s":8,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["chaumière","hutte","auberge","maison"],"en":["cottage","inn","hut","house"],"on":["シャ","セキ"],"kun":["やど.る"],"ex":[["宿舎","しゅくしゃ","logement, dortoir","lodging, dormitory"],["庁舎","ちょうしゃ","bâtiment administratif","government office building"]]},{"c":"偽","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["faux","mensonge","berner","prétendre"],"en":["falsehood","lie","deceive","pretend"],"on":["ギ","カ"],"kun":["いつわ.る","にせ","いつわ.り"],"ex":[["偽造","ぎぞう","falsification, contrefaçon","forgery, counterfeiting"],["虚偽","きょぎ","mensonge, fausseté","falsehood, lie"]]},{"c":"較","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["contraste","comparer"],"en":["contrast","compare"],"on":["カク","コウ"],"kun":["くら.べる"],"ex":[["比較","ひかく","comparaison","comparison"],["比較的","ひかくてき","relativement","comparatively, relatively"]]},{"c":"覇","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["hégémonie","suprématie","leadership","champion"],"en":["hegemony","supremacy","leadership","champion"],"on":["ハ","ハク"],"kun":["はたがしら"],"ex":[["連覇","れんぱ","victoires consécutives","successive championships"],["制覇","せいは","conquête, titre","conquest, championship win"]]},{"c":"兆","s":6,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["augures","présage","signe","symptômes"],"en":["portent","10**12","trillion","sign"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["きざ.す","きざ.し"],"ex":[["兆し","きざし","signe, présage","sign, indication"],["兆候","ちょうこう","signe, indice","sign, indication"]]},{"c":"床","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["plancher","lit","rembourrage","tatami"],"en":["bed","counter for beds","floor","padding"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["とこ","ゆか"],"ex":[["臨床","りんしょう","clinique","clinical"],["温床","おんしょう","terreau, foyer (de problèmes)","hotbed, breeding ground"]]},{"c":"畑","s":9,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["ferme","champ","jardin","sa spécialité"],"en":["farm","field","garden","one's specialty"],"on":[],"kun":["はた","はたけ","ばたけ"],"ex":[["田畑","たはた","champs","fields"],["桑畑","くわばたけ","champ de mûriers","mulberry field, mulberry plantation"]]},{"c":"慣","s":14,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["avoir l'habitude","s'accoutumer","coutumes","expérience"],"en":["accustomed","get used to","become experienced"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["な.れる","な.らす"],"ex":[["習慣","しゅうかん","habitude, coutume","habit"],["慣行","かんこう","pratique courante, usage","customary practice, habit"]]},{"c":"詳","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["détaillé","complet","précis","bien informé"],"en":["detailed","full","minute","accurate"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["くわ.しい","つまび.らか"],"ex":[["詳しい","くわしい","détaillé, précis","detailed, full"],["詳細","しょうさい","détails","details, particulars"]]},{"c":"毛","s":4,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["pilosité","pelage","cheveux","plumage"],"en":["fur","hair","feather","down"],"on":["モウ"],"kun":["け"],"ex":[["毛布","もうふ","couverture","blanket"],["毛皮","けがわ","fourrure","fur"]]},{"c":"緑","s":14,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["vert"],"en":["green"],"on":["リョク","ロク"],"kun":["みどり"],"ex":[["緑","みどり","vert","green"],["緑地","りょくち","espace vert","green tract of land, green space"]]},{"c":"尊","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["révérer","précieux","noble","haut placé"],"en":["revered","valuable","precious","noble"],"on":["ソン"],"kun":["たっと.い","とうと.い","たっと.ぶ","とうと.ぶ"],"ex":[["尊重","そんちょう","respect, estime","respect, esteem"],["尊厳","そんげん","dignité, majesté","dignity, majesty"]]},{"c":"抵","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["résister","parvenir","toucher"],"en":["resist","reach","touch"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["抵抗","ていこう","résistance","resistance"],["抵触","ていしょく","conflit, contradiction","conflict, violation"]]},{"c":"脅","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["menacer","contraindre"],"en":["threaten","coerce"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["おびや.かす","おど.す","おど.かす"],"ex":[["脅威","きょうい","menace","threat, menace"],["脅迫","きょうはく","menace, intimidation","threat, menace"]]},{"c":"祝","s":9,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["célébrer","féliciter"],"en":["celebrate","congratulate"],"on":["シュク","シュウ"],"kun":["いわ.う"],"ex":[["祝い","いわい","cadeau de félicitations","congratulatory gift, present"],["祝日","しゅくじつ","jour férié","national holiday, public holiday"]]},{"c":"礼","s":5,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["salut","courbette","cérémonie","remerciements"],"en":["salute","bow","ceremony","thanks"],"on":["レイ","ライ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["礼","れい","remerciement, révérence","thanks, bow, courtesy"],["謝礼","しゃれい","rémunération, honoraires","reward, honorarium"]]},{"c":"窓","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["fenêtre","vitre"],"en":["window","pane"],"on":["ソウ","ス"],"kun":["まど","てんまど","けむだし"],"ex":[["窓口","まどぐち","guichet, interlocuteur","counter, window, point of contact"],["窓","まど","fenêtre","window"]]},{"c":"柔","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["tendre","faiblesse","douceur"],"en":["tender","weakness","gentleness","softness"],"on":["ジュウ","ニュウ"],"kun":["やわ.らか","やわ.らかい","やわ","やわ.ら"],"ex":[["柔軟","じゅうなん","souple, flexible","flexible, lithe"],["柔道","じゅうどう","judo","judo"]]},{"c":"茂","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["pousser dru","s'épaissir","luxuriant"],"en":["overgrown","grow thick","be luxuriant"],"on":["モ"],"kun":["しげ.る"],"ex":[["生い茂る","おいしげる","pousser dru, être envahi de végétation","to grow thickly, to be overgrown"],["茂み","しげみ","buisson, fourré","thicket, bush"]]},{"c":"犠","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["sacrifice"],"en":["sacrifice"],"on":["ギ","キ"],"kun":["いけにえ"],"ex":[["犠牲者","ぎせいしゃ","victime","victim"],["犠牲","ぎせい","sacrifice","sacrifice"]]},{"c":"旗","s":14,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["drapeau","bannière","étendard"],"en":["flag","banner","standard"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["はた"],"ex":[["旗","はた","drapeau, bannière","banner"],["国旗","こっき","drapeau national","national flag"]]},{"c":"距","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["longue distance","éperon (botanique)","fanon (de cheval)"],"en":["long-distance","spur","fetlock"],"on":["キョ"],"kun":["へだ.たる","けづめ"],"ex":[["距離","きょり","distance","distance"],["長距離","ちょうきょり","longue distance","long distance, long haul"]]},{"c":"雅","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["bon goût","élégant","gracieux","raffiné"],"en":["gracious","elegant","graceful","refined"],"on":["ガ"],"kun":["みや.び"],"ex":[["優雅","ゆうが","élégant, gracieux","elegant, graceful"],["雅楽","ががく","gagaku, musique de cour","gagaku, old court music"]]},{"c":"飾","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["décorer","orner","parer","embellir"],"en":["decorate","ornament","adorn","embellish"],"on":["ショク"],"kun":["かざ.る","かざ.り"],"ex":[["装飾","そうしょく","ornement, décoration","ornament, decoration"],["飾り","かざり","décoration, ornement","decoration, ornament"]]},{"c":"網","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["filet","réseau"],"en":["netting","network"],"on":["モウ"],"kun":["あみ"],"ex":[["網","あみ","filet","net"],["通信網","つうしんもう","réseau de communication","communications network"]]},{"c":"竜","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["dragon","impérial"],"en":["dragon","imperial"],"on":["リュウ","リョウ","ロウ"],"kun":["たつ","いせ"],"ex":[["竜","りゅう","dragon","dragon"],["恐竜","きょうりゅう","dinosaure","dinosaur"]]},{"c":"詩","s":13,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["poème","poésie"],"en":["poem","poetry"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["うた"],"ex":[["詩","し","poème, poésie","poem, poetry"],["詩人","しじん","poète","poet"]]},{"c":"昔","s":8,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["autrefois","antiquité","il était une fois"],"en":["once upon a time","antiquity","old times"],"on":["セキ","シャク"],"kun":["むかし"],"ex":[["昔","むかし","autrefois, jadis","olden days, former"],["昔話","むかしばなし","conte populaire, histoire d’autrefois","folk tale, old story"]]},{"c":"繁","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["luxuriant","épais","envahi (herbes)","fréquence"],"en":["luxuriant","thick","overgrown","frequency"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":["しげ.る","しげ.く"],"ex":[["繁栄","はんえい","prospérité","prosperity, thriving"],["頻繁","ひんぱん","fréquent, incessant","frequent, incessant"]]},{"c":"殿","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["Monseigneur","hall","résidence","palais"],"en":["Mr.","hall","mansion","palace"],"on":["デン","テン"],"kun":["との","どの"],"ex":[["殿下","でんか","Son Altesse","your Highness, his Highness"],["宮殿","きゅうでん","palais","palace"]]},{"c":"濃","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["concentré","non dilué","épais","sombre"],"en":["concentrated","thick","dark","undiluted"],"on":["ノウ"],"kun":["こ.い"],"ex":[["濃度","のうど","concentration, densité","concentration, density"],["濃厚","のうこう","riche, épais, fort","rich, thick, strong"]]},{"c":"翼","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["aile","avion","flanc"],"en":["wing","plane","flank"],"on":["ヨク"],"kun":["つばさ"],"ex":[["右翼","うよく","aile droite","right wing"],["左翼","さよく","aile gauche","left wing"]]},{"c":"茨","s":9,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["épine","églantier"],"en":["briar","thorn"],"on":["シ","ジ"],"kun":["いばら","かや","くさぶき"],"ex":[]},{"c":"潟","s":15,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["lagon"],"en":["lagoon"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":["かた","がた"],"ex":[["干潟","ひがた","estran, platier","tidal flat"],["潟","かた","lagune","lagoon"]]},{"c":"敵","s":15,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["ennemi","adversaire"],"en":["enemy","foe","opponent"],"on":["テキ"],"kun":["かたき","あだ","かな.う"],"ex":[["敵","てき","ennemi, adversaire","opponent, rival"],["匹敵","ひってき","égaler, rivaliser avec","to be a match for, to rival"]]},{"c":"魅","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["fasciner","charmer","ensorceler"],"en":["fascination","charm","bewitch"],"on":["ミ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["魅力","みりょく","charme, attrait","charm, fascination"],["魅了","みりょう","charme, fascination","charm, fascinate"]]},{"c":"嫌","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["aversion","détester","haïr"],"en":["dislike","detest","hate"],"on":["ケン","ゲン"],"kun":["きら.う","きら.い","いや"],"ex":[["嫌い","きらい","aversion, ce qu’on n’aime pas","dislike"],["嫌気","いやけ","dégoût, lassitude","dislike, disgust"]]},{"c":"斉","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["arranger","égal","semblable","même variété"],"en":["adjusted","alike","equal","similar variety of"],"on":["セイ","サイ"],"kun":["そろ.う","ひと.しい","ひと.しく","あたる"],"ex":[["一斉","いっせい","simultané, tous ensemble","simultaneous, all at once"],["斉唱","せいしょう","chant à l’unisson","singing in unison"]]},{"c":"液","s":11,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["liquide","jus","fluide","sève"],"en":["fluid","liquid","juice","sap"],"on":["エキ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["血液","けつえき","sang","blood"],["液晶","えきしょう","cristaux liquides","liquid crystal"]]},{"c":"貧","s":11,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["pauvre","pauvreté"],"en":["poverty","poor"],"on":["ヒン","ビン"],"kun":["まず.しい"],"ex":[["貧困","ひんこん","pauvreté","poverty"],["貧富","ひんぷ","riches et pauvres","wealth and poverty, rich and poor"]]},{"c":"敷","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["étaler","paver","s'asseoir","promulguer"],"en":["spread","pave","sit","promulgate"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["し.く","し.き"],"ex":[["敷地","しきち","terrain, emplacement","site, plot"],["倉敷","くらしき","Kurashiki (ville)","Kurashiki (city)"]]},{"c":"擁","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["étreindre","prendre dans les bras","posséder","protéger"],"en":["hug","embrace","possess","protect"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["擁立","ようりつ","soutien, candidature soutenue","backing, supporting"],["擁護","ようご","protection, défense","protection, advocacy"]]},{"c":"衣","s":6,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["vêtement","habillement"],"en":["garment","clothes","dressing"],"on":["イ","エ"],"kun":["ころも","きぬ","ぎ"],"ex":[["衣装","いしょう","vêtement, costume","clothing, costume"],["衣料","いりょう","vêtements","clothing"]]},{"c":"肩","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["épaule"],"en":["shoulder"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["かた"],"ex":[["肩","かた","épaule","shoulder"],["肩書","かたがき","titre, fonction","title, job title"]]},{"c":"圏","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["sphère","domaine","bloc","orbite"],"en":["sphere","circle","radius","range"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["かこ.い"],"ex":[["首都圏","しゅとけん","région de la capitale","metropolitan area"],["圏内","けんない","dans la zone, à portée","within the range"]]},{"c":"零","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["zéro","se répandre","déborder","rien"],"en":["zero","spill","overflow","nothing"],"on":["レイ"],"kun":["ぜろ","こぼ.す","こぼ.れる"],"ex":[["零時","れいじ","zéro heure, minuit","twelve o'clock, midnight"],["零細","れいさい","de petite taille, minuscule","small-scale, tiny"]]},{"c":"酸","s":14,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["acide","aigre","amer","sur (goût)"],"en":["acid","bitterness","sour","tart"],"on":["サン"],"kun":["す.い"],"ex":[["酸化","さんか","oxydation","oxidation, oxidization"],["酸性","さんせい","acide","acidic"]]},{"c":"罰","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["punition","châtiment"],"en":["penalty","punishment"],"on":["バツ","バチ","ハツ"],"kun":["ばっ.する"],"ex":[["罰金","ばっきん","amende","fine, penalty"],["罰則","ばっそく","sanction, peine","punishment, penalty"]]},{"c":"怒","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["colère","offenser"],"en":["angry","be offended"],"on":["ド","ヌ"],"kun":["いか.る","おこ.る"],"ex":[["怒り","いかり","colère","anger, rage"],["怒る","おこる","se fâcher, se mettre en colère","to get angry"]]},{"c":"滅","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["anéantir","détruire","ruiner","renverser"],"en":["destroy","ruin","overthrow","perish"],"on":["メツ"],"kun":["ほろ.びる","ほろ.ぶ","ほろ.ぼす"],"ex":[["絶滅","ぜつめつ","extinction","extinction, extermination"],["消滅","しょうめつ","disparition, extinction","disappearance, extinction"]]},{"c":"泳","s":8,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["nager"],"en":["swim"],"on":["エイ"],"kun":["およ.ぐ"],"ex":[["水泳","すいえい","natation","swimming"],["競泳","きょうえい","natation de compétition","competitive swimming, swimming race"]]},{"c":"礎","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["première pierre","première angulaire"],"en":["cornerstone","foundation stone"],"on":["ソ"],"kun":["いしずえ"],"ex":[["基礎","きそ","fondation, base","foundation, basis"],["礎","いしずえ","pierre angulaire, fondation","foundation stone, cornerstone"]]},{"c":"腐","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["pourrir","putréfier","aigre"],"en":["rot","decay","sour"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["くさ.る","くさ.る","くさ.れる","くさ.れ"],"ex":[["腐敗","ふはい","corruption, pourriture","corruption, decay"],["豆腐","とうふ","tofu","tofu, bean curd"]]},{"c":"祖","s":9,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["ancêtre","pionnier","fondateur"],"en":["ancestor","pioneer","founder"],"on":["ソ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["祖国","そこく","patrie","homeland, motherland"],["祖父","そふ","grand-père","grandfather"]]},{"c":"幼","s":5,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["enfance","tendre enfance"],"en":["infancy","childhood"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["おさな.い"],"ex":[["幼児","ようじ","jeune enfant","young child, toddler"],["幼稚園","ようちえん","école maternelle","kindergarten, nursery school"]]},{"c":"脚","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["pied (d'un objet)","patins","train d'atterrissage"],"en":["skids","leg","undercarriage","lower part"],"on":["キャク","キャ","カク"],"kun":["あし"],"ex":[["脚本","きゃくほん","scénario","script, screenplay"],["脚","あし","jambe, pied de meuble","leg, foot"]]},{"c":"荷","s":10,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["bagages","balancier","porter (un fardeau)","épauler (fusil)"],"en":["baggage","shoulder-pole load","bear (a burden)","shoulder (a gun)"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["に"],"ex":[["出荷","しゅっか","expédition de marchandises","shipping, shipment"],["荷物","にもつ","bagage, colis","luggage, baggage"]]},{"c":"潮","s":15,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["marée","eau salée","opportunité"],"en":["tide","salt water","opportunity"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["しお","うしお"],"ex":[["潮","しお","marée, courant","tide, current"],["風潮","ふうちょう","tendance, courant d’idées","trend, tendency"]]},{"c":"梅","s":10,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["prune"],"en":["plum"],"on":["バイ"],"kun":["うめ"],"ex":[["梅","うめ","prune ume, prunier japonais","ume (Japanese plum)"],["梅干し","うめぼし","umeboshi (prune salée)","umeboshi, pickled plum"]]},{"c":"泊","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["passer la nuit","loger","séjour","être au mouillage"],"en":["overnight stay","put up at","ride at anchor"],"on":["ハク"],"kun":["と.まる","と.める"],"ex":[["宿泊","しゅくはく","hébergement","lodging, accommodation"],["停泊","ていはく","mouillage","anchoring, mooring"]]},{"c":"尽","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["épuiser","arriver au bout","être à court de","être dégoûté"],"en":["exhaust","use up","run out of","deplete"],"on":["ジン","サン"],"kun":["つ.きる","つ.くす","つ.かす","づ.く"],"ex":[["理不尽","りふじん","déraisonnable, absurde","unreasonable, irrational"],["尽力","じんりょく","efforts, dévouement","efforts, exertion"]]},{"c":"杯","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["compteur de verres","coupe à saké","verre de vin","verre"],"en":["counter for cupfuls","wine glass","glass","toast"],"on":["ハイ"],"kun":["さかずき"],"ex":[["乾杯","かんぱい","toast, tchin","toast, cheers"],["満杯","まんぱい","plein, complet","full"]]},{"c":"僕","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["je (masculin)","moi","serviteur"],"en":["me","I (male)","servant","manservant"],"on":["ボク"],"kun":["しもべ"],"ex":[["僕","ぼく","moi (langage masculin)","I (male speech)"],["公僕","こうぼく","serviteur de l’État","public servant"]]},{"c":"桜","s":10,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["cerisier du Japon"],"en":["cherry"],"on":["オウ","ヨウ"],"kun":["さくら"],"ex":[["桜","さくら","cerisier en fleurs","cherry tree"],["桜花","おうか","fleur de cerisier","cherry blossom"]]},{"c":"滑","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["glisser","glissant","rater"],"en":["slippery","slide","slip","fail exam"],"on":["カツ","コツ"],"kun":["すべ.る","なめ.らか"],"ex":[["滑走","かっそう","glisse, roulage d’un avion","gliding, taxiing"],["円滑","えんかつ","fluide, sans heurt","smooth"]]},{"c":"孤","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["orphelin","seul"],"en":["orphan","alone"],"on":["コ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["孤児","こじ","orphelin","orphan"],["孤立","こりつ","isolement","isolation, being alone"]]},{"c":"黄","s":11,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["jaune"],"en":["yellow"],"on":["コウ","オウ"],"kun":["き","こ"],"ex":[["黄金","おうごん","or, doré","gold"],["硫黄","いおう","soufre","sulfur, sulphur"]]},{"c":"炎","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["inflammation","flamme","incendie"],"en":["inflammation","flame","blaze"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["ほのお"],"ex":[["肺炎","はいえん","pneumonie","pneumonia"],["肝炎","かんえん","hépatite","hepatitis"]]},{"c":"賠","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["compensations","dédommagement","indemnité"],"en":["compensation","indemnify"],"on":["バイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["賠償","ばいしょう","indemnisation, réparations","compensation, reparations"],["賠償金","ばいしょうきん","indemnités, réparations","compensation, reparations"]]},{"c":"句","s":5,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["phrase","clause","paragraphe","passage"],"en":["phrase","clause","sentence","passage"],"on":["ク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["俳句","はいく","haïku","haiku"],["文句","もんく","plainte, objection","complaint, objection"]]},{"c":"寿","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["longévité","félicitations","vie"],"en":["longevity","congratulations","one's natural life"],"on":["ジュ","ス","シュウ"],"kun":["ことぶき","ことぶ.く","ことほ.ぐ"],"ex":[["寿","ことぶき","longévité, félicitations","longevity, congratulations"],["長寿","ちょうじゅ","longévité","long life, longevity"]]},{"c":"鋼","s":16,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["acier"],"en":["steel"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["はがね"],"ex":[["鉄鋼","てっこう","sidérurgie, acier","iron and steel"],["製鋼","せいこう","sidérurgie","steelmaking"]]},{"c":"頑","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["opiniâtre","tenace","têtu","obstination"],"en":["stubborn","foolish","firmly"],"on":["ガン"],"kun":["かたく.な"],"ex":[["頑張って","がんばって","courage ! bonne chance !","do your best, good luck"],["頑固","がんこ","têtu, obstiné","stubborn, obstinate"]]},{"c":"甘","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["doux","enjôler","dorloter","être content"],"en":["sweet","coax","pamper","be content"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["あま.い","あま.える","あま.やかす","うま.い"],"ex":[["甘い","あまい","sucré, doux","sweet"],["甘え","あまえ","dépendance affective (amae)","dependence, indulgence"]]},{"c":"臣","s":7,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["servant","serviteur","sujet"],"en":["retainer","subject"],"on":["シン","ジン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["大臣","だいじん","ministre","cabinet minister"],["総理大臣","そうりだいじん","Premier ministre","prime minister, premier"]]},{"c":"鎖","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["chaîne","fers","liens"],"en":["chain","irons","connection"],"on":["サ"],"kun":["くさり","とざ.す"],"ex":[["閉鎖","へいさ","fermeture","closure"],["封鎖","ふうさ","blocus","blockade, closure"]]},{"c":"彩","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["colorer","peindre","maquillage"],"en":["coloring","paint","makeup"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":["いろど.る"],"ex":[["多彩","たさい","coloré, varié","colorful, varied"],["色彩","しきさい","couleur, coloris","color"]]},{"c":"摩","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["irriter","gratter","caresser","frictionner"],"en":["chafe","rub","polish","grind"],"on":["マ"],"kun":["ま.する","さす.る","す.る"],"ex":[["摩擦","まさつ","frottement, friction","friction, rubbing"],["摩天楼","まてんろう","gratte-ciel","skyscraper"]]},{"c":"浅","s":9,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["peu profond","superficiel","frivole","misérable"],"en":["shallow","superficial","frivolous","wretched"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["あさ.い"],"ex":[["浅瀬","あさせ","haut-fond, gué","shoal, shallows"],["浅い","あさい","peu profond, superficiel","shallow, superficial"]]},{"c":"励","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["encourager","être appliqué","pousser à"],"en":["encourage","be diligent","inspire"],"on":["レイ"],"kun":["はげ.む","はげ.ます"],"ex":[["奨励","しょうれい","encouragement, promotion","encouragement, promotion"],["激励","げきれい","encouragement, stimulation","encouragement, spurring"]]},{"c":"掃","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["balayer","brosser","nettoyer"],"en":["sweep","brush"],"on":["ソウ","シュ"],"kun":["は.く"],"ex":[["掃海","そうかい","déminage naval","minesweeping"],["掃除","そうじ","nettoyage, ménage","cleaning"]]},{"c":"雲","s":12,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["nuage"],"en":["cloud"],"on":["ウン"],"kun":["くも","ぐも"],"ex":[["雲","くも","nuage","cloud"],["暗雲","あんうん","nuages sombres, mauvais présage","dark clouds"]]},{"c":"掘","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["creuser","fouiller","déterrer"],"en":["dig","delve","excavate"],"on":["クツ"],"kun":["ほ.る"],"ex":[["発掘","はっくつ","fouille, découverte","excavation, discovery"],["掘削","くっさく","forage, excavation","drilling, excavation"]]},{"c":"縦","s":16,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["vertical","longueur","hauteur","égoïste"],"en":["vertical","length","height","self-indulgent"],"on":["ジュウ"],"kun":["たて"],"ex":[["操縦","そうじゅう","pilotage","piloting, steering"],["縦","たて","longueur, vertical","length, vertical"]]},{"c":"輝","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["étincelant","étincelle","briller","scintiller"],"en":["radiance","shine","sparkle","gleam"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["かがや.く"],"ex":[["輝き","かがやき","éclat, brillance","brightness, brilliance"],["輝かしい","かがやかしい","brillant, glorieux","brilliant, glorious"]]},{"c":"蓄","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["accumuler","stocker","mettre de côté","gramophone"],"en":["amass","raise","hoard","store"],"on":["チク"],"kun":["たくわ.える"],"ex":[["貯蓄","ちょちく","épargne","savings"],["備蓄","びちく","stock, réserves","stockpile, reserves"]]},{"c":"軸","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["axe","pivot","tige","compteur de livres en rouleaux"],"en":["axis","pivot","stem","stalk"],"on":["ジク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["軸","じく","axe, essieu","axis, shaft"],["主軸","しゅじく","axe principal, pivot","main axis, pivot"]]},{"c":"巡","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["patrouille","faire le tour","pèlerinage","circonférence"],"en":["patrol","go around","circumference"],"on":["ジュン"],"kun":["めぐ.る","めぐ.り"],"ex":[["巡査","じゅんさ","agent de police","police officer, policeman"],["巡回","じゅんかい","ronde, tournée","patrol, round"]]},{"c":"疲","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["fatigue","épuisé","las"],"en":["exhausted","tire","weary"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["つか.れる","づか.れ","つか.らす"],"ex":[["疲れ","つかれ","fatigue","tiredness, fatigue"],["疲労","ひろう","fatigue, épuisement","fatigue"]]},{"c":"稼","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["gains","travail","gagner de l'argent"],"en":["earnings","work","earn money"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["かせ.ぐ"],"ex":[["出稼ぎ","でかせぎ","travail saisonnier loin de chez soi","working away from home"],["稼ぎ","かせぎ","gains, revenus","earnings"]]},{"c":"瞬","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["cligner","pétiller (yeux)"],"en":["wink","blink","twinkle"],"on":["シュン"],"kun":["またた.く","まじろ.ぐ"],"ex":[["瞬間","しゅんかん","instant","moment, second"],["一瞬","いっしゅん","un instant, un clin d’œil","a moment, an instant"]]},{"c":"捨","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["jeter","mettre au rebut","abandonner","démissionner"],"en":["discard","throw away","abandon","resign"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["す.てる"],"ex":[["使い捨て","つかいすて","jetable","throwaway, disposable"],["切り捨て","きりすて","suppression, arrondi à l’inférieur","discarding, rounding down"]]},{"c":"皆","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["tout","tous"],"en":["all","everything"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":["みな","みんな"],"ex":[["皆","みな","tous, tout le monde","everyone, all"],["皆さん","みなさん","tout le monde, mesdames et messieurs","everyone"]]},{"c":"砲","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["canon","fusil"],"en":["cannon","gun"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["発砲","はっぽう","tir d’arme à feu","firing, discharge of a gun"],["砲撃","ほうげき","bombardement d’artillerie","shelling"]]},{"c":"軟","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["mou"],"en":["soft"],"on":["ナン"],"kun":["やわ.らか","やわ.らかい"],"ex":[["柔軟","じゅうなん","souple, flexible","flexible, lithe"],["軟式","なんしき","souple (balle de baseball)","soft-ball style"]]},{"c":"噴","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["éruption","jaillir","émettre","gicler"],"en":["erupt","spout","emit","flush out"],"on":["フン"],"kun":["ふ.く"],"ex":[["噴火","ふんか","éruption volcanique","eruption, volcanic eruption"],["噴出","ふんしゅつ","jaillissement","gushing, eruption"]]},{"c":"沈","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["couler","être submergé","s'enfoncer","être déprimé"],"en":["sink","be submerged","subside","be depressed"],"on":["チン","ジン"],"kun":["しず.む","しず.める"],"ex":[["沈黙","ちんもく","silence","reticence, inaction"],["沈下","ちんか","affaissement","subsidence"]]},{"c":"誇","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["vantardise","orgueil","fierté","triomphant"],"en":["boast","be proud","pride","triumphantly"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["ほこ.る"],"ex":[["誇り","ほこり","fierté","pride, boast"],["誇る","ほこる","être fier de, se vanter de","to be proud of, to boast"]]},{"c":"祥","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["bon présage","prometteur","bonheur"],"en":["auspicious","happiness","blessedness","good omen"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["さいわ.い","きざ.し","よ.い","つまび.らか"],"ex":[["不祥事","ふしょうじ","scandale","scandal"],["発祥","はっしょう","origine, berceau","origin, birth"]]},{"c":"牲","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["sacrifice animal","offrande"],"en":["animal sacrifice","offering"],"on":["セイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["犠牲者","ぎせいしゃ","victime","victim"],["犠牲","ぎせい","sacrifice","sacrifice"]]},{"c":"秩","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["ordre","régularité","salaire"],"en":["regularity","salary","order"],"on":["チツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["秩序","ちつじょ","ordre, discipline","order, discipline"],["無秩序","むちつじょ","désordre, chaos","disorder, chaos"]]},{"c":"帝","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["souverain","empereur","dieu","créateur"],"en":["sovereign","the emperor","god","creator"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":["みかど"],"ex":[["帝国","ていこく","empire","empire"],["皇帝","こうてい","empereur","emperor"]]},{"c":"唆","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["inciter","tenter","promouvoir"],"en":["tempt","seduce","instigate","promote"],"on":["サ"],"kun":["そそ.る","そそのか.す"],"ex":[["示唆","しさ","suggestion, allusion","suggestion, hint"],["教唆","きょうさ","incitation au crime","instigation"]]},{"c":"鳴","s":14,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["gazouiller","crier","aboyer","pousser son cri (animal)"],"en":["chirp","cry","bark","sound"],"on":["メイ"],"kun":["な.く","な.る","な.らす"],"ex":[["悲鳴","ひめい","cri, hurlement","scream, shriek"],["鳴き声","なきごえ","cri d’animal, chant","animal cry, call"]]},{"c":"阻","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["faire obstacle","obstruer","contrarier","séparer"],"en":["thwart","separate from","prevent","obstruct"],"on":["ソ"],"kun":["はば.む"],"ex":[["阻止","そし","blocage, obstruction","prevention, obstruction"],["阻む","はばむ","empêcher, faire obstacle","to prevent, to hinder"]]},{"c":"泰","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["paisible","calme","paix","tranquille"],"en":["peaceful","calm","peace","easy"],"on":["タイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["安泰","あんたい","sécurité, tranquillité","safety, stability"],["泰然","たいぜん","calme, imperturbable","calm, composed"]]},{"c":"賄","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["corruption","pot-de-vin","nourrir","fourniture"],"en":["bribe","board","supply","finance"],"on":["ワイ"],"kun":["まかな.う"],"ex":[["収賄","しゅうわい","corruption passive","taking bribes"],["贈賄","ぞうわい","corruption active","bribery"]]},{"c":"撲","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["battre","claque","frapper","coup"],"en":["slap","strike","hit","beat"],"on":["ボク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["打撲","だぼく","contusion","bruise, blow"],["撲滅","ぼくめつ","éradication","eradication, extermination"]]},{"c":"凍","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["gelé","congeler","réfrigérer"],"en":["frozen","congeal","refrigerate"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["こお.る","こご.える","こご.る","い.てる"],"ex":[["凍結","とうけつ","gel, congélation","freezing"],["冷凍","れいとう","congélation","freezing, cold storage"]]},{"c":"堀","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["canal","fossé","douves"],"en":["ditch","moat","canal"],"on":["クツ"],"kun":["ほり"],"ex":[["堀","ほり","fossé, douve","moat, ditch"],["外堀","そとぼり","douve extérieure","outer moat"]]},{"c":"腹","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["abdomen","ventre"],"en":["abdomen","belly","stomach"],"on":["フク"],"kun":["はら"],"ex":[["腹","はら","ventre","belly, stomach"],["裏腹","うらはら","contraire, opposé","opposite, contrary"]]},{"c":"菊","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["chrysanthème"],"en":["chrysanthemum"],"on":["キク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["菊","きく","chrysanthème","chrysanthemum"],["菊花","きっか","fleur de chrysanthème","chrysanthemum flower"]]},{"c":"絞","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["étrangler","serrer","tordre"],"en":["strangle","constrict","wring"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["しぼ.る","し.める","し.まる"],"ex":[["絞る","しぼる","presser, essorer","to squeeze, to wring"],["絞り","しぼり","pressage, teinture shibori","squeezing, tie-dye"]]},{"c":"乳","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["lait","seins"],"en":["milk","breasts"],"on":["ニュウ"],"kun":["ちち","ち"],"ex":[["牛乳","ぎゅうにゅう","lait de vache","milk"],["乳","ちち","lait, sein","milk, breast"]]},{"c":"煙","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["fumée"],"en":["smoke"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["けむ.る","けむり","けむ.い"],"ex":[["喫煙","きつえん","fait de fumer","smoking"],["禁煙","きんえん","interdiction de fumer","no smoking"]]},{"c":"縁","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["affinité","relation","karma","rapport"],"en":["affinity","relation","connection","edge"],"on":["エン","-ネン"],"kun":["ふち","ふち.どる","ゆかり","よすが"],"ex":[["無縁","むえん","sans lien","unrelated, no connection"],["血縁","けつえん","lien de sang","blood relation"]]},{"c":"唯","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["seulement","unique","simplement"],"en":["solely","only","merely","simply"],"on":["ユイ","イ"],"kun":["ただ"],"ex":[["唯一","ゆいいつ","unique, seul","only, sole"],["唯","ただ","seulement, simplement","only, merely"]]},{"c":"膨","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["gonfler","grossir","épais"],"en":["swell","get fat","thick"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["ふく.らむ","ふく.れる"],"ex":[["膨大","ぼうだい","énorme, volumineux","huge, vast"],["膨張","ぼうちょう","expansion, gonflement","expansion, swelling"]]},{"c":"矢","s":5,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["fléchette","flèche"],"en":["dart","arrow"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["や"],"ex":[["矢","や","flèche","arrow"],["矢先","やさき","au moment même où","just when, at the very moment"]]},{"c":"耐","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["à l'épreuve de","résistant","endurant","durable"],"en":["-proof","enduring"],"on":["タイ"],"kun":["た.える"],"ex":[["耐える","たえる","supporter, endurer","to endure, to bear"],["耐久","たいきゅう","durabilité, endurance","durability, endurance"]]},{"c":"恋","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["chérir","amour","idylle","languir"],"en":["romance","in love","yearn for","miss"],"on":["レン"],"kun":["こ.う","こい","こい.しい"],"ex":[["恋人","こいびと","amoureux, petit ami","lover, sweetheart"],["恋愛","れんあい","amour, relation amoureuse","love, romance"]]},{"c":"塾","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["cours du soir","école privée"],"en":["cram school","private school"],"on":["ジュク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["塾","じゅく","école de soutien, cours privés","cram school"],["塾長","じゅくちょう","directeur d’école privée","head of a private school"]]},{"c":"漏","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["fuite (eau, toit)","s'échapper (gaz)","temps"],"en":["leak","escape","time"],"on":["ロウ"],"kun":["も.る","も.れる","も.らす"],"ex":[["漏らす","もらす","laisser échapper, divulguer","to leak, to let slip"],["雨漏り","あまもり","fuite de toit","roof leak"]]},{"c":"紅","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["cramoisi","rouge foncé"],"en":["crimson","deep red"],"on":["コウ","ク"],"kun":["べに","くれない","あか.い"],"ex":[["紅","べに","rouge vif, pourpre","crimson"],["紅白","こうはく","rouge et blanc","red and white"]]},{"c":"慶","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["jubiler","se réjouir","féliciter","être heureux"],"en":["jubilation","congratulate","rejoice","be happy"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["よろこ.び"],"ex":[["弁慶","べんけい","Benkei (guerrier légendaire)","Benkei (legendary warrior monk)"],["慶祝","けいしゅく","célébration","celebration, congratulation"]]},{"c":"猛","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["féroce","fulminer","se ruer","devenir furieux"],"en":["fierce","rave","rush","become furious"],"on":["モウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["猛暑","もうしょ","canicule","scorching heat"],["猛烈","もうれつ","violent, intense","fierce, intense"]]},{"c":"芳","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["parfum","embaumé","parfumé"],"en":["perfume","balmy","favorable","fragrant"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["かんば.しい"],"ex":[["芳香","ほうこう","parfum, arôme","fragrance"],["芳しい","かんばしい","parfumé, favorable","fragrant, favorable"]]},{"c":"懲","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["punition","pénal","châtiment","sanction"],"en":["penal","chastise","punish","discipline"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["こ.りる","こ.らす","こ.らしめる"],"ex":[["懲役","ちょうえき","travaux forcés, peine de prison","penal servitude, imprisonment"],["懲戒","ちょうかい","sanction disciplinaire","discipline, punishment"]]},{"c":"郊","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["périphérie","banlieue","zone rurale"],"en":["outskirts","suburbs","rural area"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["郊外","こうがい","banlieue","suburbs"],["近郊","きんこう","environs, proche banlieue","outskirts"]]},{"c":"剣","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["sabre","épée","lame","aiguille de montre"],"en":["sabre","sword","blade","clock hand"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["つるぎ"],"ex":[["剣","けん","épée","sword"],["剣道","けんどう","kendo","kendo"]]},{"c":"腰","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["reins","hanche","taille","lambris à hauteur de taille"],"en":["loins","hips","waist","low wainscoting"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["こし"],"ex":[["腰","こし","hanches, reins","waist, lower back"],["腰痛","ようつう","lombalgie, mal de dos","lower back pain"]]},{"c":"炭","s":9,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["charbon de bois","charbon"],"en":["charcoal","coal"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["すみ"],"ex":[["炭素","たんそ","carbone","carbon"],["石炭","せきたん","charbon","coal"]]},{"c":"踊","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["danser","saut","bond","sautiller"],"en":["jump","dance","leap","skip"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["おど.る"],"ex":[["舞踊","ぶよう","danse","dance"],["踊り","おどり","danse","dance"]]},{"c":"彰","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["patent","clair"],"en":["patent","clear"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["表彰","ひょうしょう","remise de distinction, récompense","commendation, award"],["顕彰","けんしょう","reconnaissance publique, hommage","public recognition, tribute"]]},{"c":"棋","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["pièce d'échec","échecs japonais","shogi"],"en":["chess piece","Japanese chess","shogi"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["ご"],"ex":[["将棋","しょうぎ","shōgi","shogi, Japanese chess"],["棋聖","きせい","maître de go","go master"]]},{"c":"丁","s":2,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["pâté de maison","tranche d'aliment","exactitude","soin extrême"],"en":["street","ward","town","counter for guns, tools, leaves or cakes of something"],"on":["チョウ","テイ","チン","トウ"],"kun":["ひのと"],"ex":[["丁寧","ていねい","poli, soigneux","polite, careful"],["包丁","ほうちょう","couteau de cuisine","kitchen knife"]]},{"c":"冊","s":5,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["tome","volume","compteur de livres"],"en":["tome","counter for books","volume"],"on":["サツ","サク"],"kun":["ふみ"],"ex":[["冊子","さっし","livret, brochure","booklet"],["小冊子","しょうさっし","brochure","booklet, pamphlet"]]},{"c":"恒","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["constance","toujours"],"en":["constancy","always"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["つね","つねに"],"ex":[["恒例","こうれい","habituel, traditionnel","annual, customary"],["恒久","こうきゅう","permanent, durable","permanent, lasting"]]},{"c":"眠","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["dormir","somnolent","mourir"],"en":["sleep","die","sleepy"],"on":["ミン"],"kun":["ねむ.る","ねむ.い"],"ex":[["睡眠","すいみん","sommeil","sleep"],["眠り","ねむり","sommeil","sleep"]]},{"c":"揚","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["hisser","frire"],"en":["raise","elevate","hoist","praise"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["あ.げる","あ.げ","あ.がる"],"ex":[["浮揚","ふよう","flottaison, relance","levitation, revival"],["旗揚げ","はたあげ","lancement, fondation d’un mouvement","launching, founding"]]},{"c":"冒","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["risque","affronter","braver","défier"],"en":["risk","face","defy","dare"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["おか.す"],"ex":[["冒頭","ぼうとう","début, ouverture","beginning, opening"],["冒険","ぼうけん","aventure","adventure, venture"]]},{"c":"勇","s":9,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["courage","être en verve","remonter le moral","bravoure"],"en":["courage","cheer up","be in high spirits","bravery"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":["いさ.む"],"ex":[["勇気","ゆうき","courage","courage, bravery"],["勇退","ゆうたい","départ volontaire honorable","retiring voluntarily"]]},{"c":"曽","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["anciennement","ex-","arrière (-petit-fils)","arrière (-grand-mère)"],"en":["formerly","once","before","ever"],"on":["ソウ","ソ","ゾウ"],"kun":["かつ","かつて","すなわち"],"ex":[]},{"c":"械","s":11,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["instrument","machine","entrave"],"en":["contraption","fetter","machine","instrument"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":["かせ"],"ex":[["機械","きかい","machine","machine, mechanism"],["工作機械","こうさくきかい","machine-outil","machine tool"]]},{"c":"倫","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["éthique","camarade"],"en":["ethics","companion"],"on":["リン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["倫理","りんり","éthique","ethics, morals"],["不倫","ふりん","adultère, liaison","adultery, affair"]]},{"c":"陳","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["informer","présenter","raconter","expliquer"],"en":["exhibit","state","relate","explain"],"on":["チン"],"kun":["ひ.ねる"],"ex":[["陳述","ちんじゅつ","déclaration, exposé","statement, testimony"],["陳情","ちんじょう","pétition, requête","petition, appeal"]]},{"c":"憶","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["souvenir","mémoire","réminiscence"],"en":["recollection","think","remember"],"on":["オク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["記憶","きおく","mémoire, souvenir","memory"],["憶測","おくそく","conjecture, supposition","speculation, guess"]]},{"c":"怖","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["effrayant","affreux","épouvantable","faire peur"],"en":["dreadful","be frightened","fearful"],"on":["フ","ホ"],"kun":["こわ.い","こわ.がる","お.じる","おそ.れる"],"ex":[["恐怖","きょうふ","peur, terreur","fear, dread"],["怖い","こわい","effrayant, qui fait peur","scary"]]},{"c":"菜","s":11,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["légume","accompagnement (du riz)"],"en":["vegetable","side dish","greens"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":["な"],"ex":[["野菜","やさい","légume","vegetable"],["山菜","さんさい","plantes sauvages comestibles","wild edible plants"]]},{"c":"耳","s":6,"l":1,"g":1,"fr":["oreille"],"en":["ear"],"on":["ジ"],"kun":["みみ"],"ex":[["耳","みみ","oreille","ear"],["耳目","じもく","yeux et oreilles, attention","eyes and ears, attention"]]},{"c":"潜","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["s'immerger","se cacher","se dissimuler","s'embusquer"],"en":["submerge","conceal","hide","lower (voice)"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["ひそ.む","もぐ.る","かく.れる","くぐ.る"],"ex":[["潜在","せんざい","latent, potentiel","latent, potential"],["潜水艦","せんすいかん","sous-marin","submarine"]]},{"c":"珍","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["rare","curieux","étrange"],"en":["rare","curious","strange"],"on":["チン"],"kun":["めずら.しい","たから"],"ex":[["珍","ちん","rare, curieux","rare, curious"],["珍重","ちんちょう","tenir pour précieux","prizing, valuing"]]},{"c":"梨","s":11,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["poire"],"en":["pear tree"],"on":["リ"],"kun":["なし"],"ex":[["梨","なし","poire (nashi)","pear"]]},{"c":"仁","s":4,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["humanité","vertu","bienveillance","charité"],"en":["humanity","virtue","benevolence","charity"],"on":["ジン","ニ","ニン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["仁義","じんぎ","code moral, devoir","humanity and justice, moral code"],["仁王","におう","Niō (gardiens de temple)","Niō (temple guardian kings)"]]},{"c":"克","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["surmonter","aimable","habile"],"en":["overcome","kindly","skillfully"],"on":["コク"],"kun":["か.つ"],"ex":[["克服","こくふく","surmonter, vaincre","overcoming, conquering"],["克明","こくめい","minutieux, détaillé","detailed, meticulous"]]},{"c":"岳","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["pointe","pic","montagne"],"en":["point","peak","mountain"],"on":["ガク"],"kun":["たけ"],"ex":[["山岳","さんがく","montagnes, massif","mountains"],["岳","たけ","mont, haute montagne","mountain, peak"]]},{"c":"概","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["grandes lignes","dans l'ensemble","approximation","en gros"],"en":["outline","condition","approximation","generally"],"on":["ガイ"],"kun":["おおむ.ね"],"ex":[["概念","がいねん","concept, notion","concept, idea"],["概算","がいさん","estimation approximative","rough estimate"]]},{"c":"拘","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["arrestation","saisir","adhérer","être concerné"],"en":["arrest","seize","concerned","adhere to"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["かか.わる"],"ex":[["拘束","こうそく","contrainte, restriction","restriction, constraint"],["拘置","こうち","détention","detention"]]},{"c":"墓","s":13,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["tombe","tombeau"],"en":["grave","tomb"],"on":["ボ"],"kun":["はか"],"ex":[["墓","はか","tombe","grave"],["墓地","ぼち","cimetière","cemetery, graveyard"]]},{"c":"黙","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["silence","se taire","laisser en l'état"],"en":["silence","become silent","stop speaking","leave as is"],"on":["モク","ボク"],"kun":["だま.る","もだ.す"],"ex":[["沈黙","ちんもく","silence","reticence, inaction"],["黙る","だまる","se taire","to be silent, to say nothing"]]},{"c":"須","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["nécessité","certainement","devrait faire"],"en":["ought","by all means","necessarily"],"on":["ス","シュ"],"kun":["すべから.く","すべし","ひげ","まつ"],"ex":[["必須","ひっす","indispensable, obligatoire","essential, mandatory"]]},{"c":"偏","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["partial","côté","radical gauche d'un kanji","incliné"],"en":["partial","side","left-side radical","inclining"],"on":["ヘン"],"kun":["かたよ.る"],"ex":[["偏差値","へんさち","indice d’écart (note standardisée)","standard score"],["偏見","へんけん","préjugé","prejudice, bias"]]},{"c":"雰","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["atmosphère","ambiance","brouillard"],"en":["atmosphere","fog"],"on":["フン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["雰囲気","ふんいき","ambiance, atmosphère","atmosphere"]]},{"c":"卵","s":7,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["oeuf","frai"],"en":["egg","ovum","spawn","roe"],"on":["ラン"],"kun":["たまご"],"ex":[["卵","たまご","œuf","egg"],["産卵","さんらん","ponte","egg-laying"]]},{"c":"遇","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["entrevue","traiter","rencontrer","distraire"],"en":["meet","encounter","interview","treat"],"on":["グウ"],"kun":["あ.う"],"ex":[["待遇","たいぐう","traitement, conditions de travail","treatment, working conditions"],["優遇","ゆうぐう","traitement de faveur","preferential treatment"]]},{"c":"湖","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["lac"],"en":["lake"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["みずうみ"],"ex":[["湖","みずうみ","lac","lake"],["湖畔","こはん","bord de lac","lake shore"]]},{"c":"諮","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["consulter"],"en":["consult with"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["はか.る"],"ex":[["諮問","しもん","consultation d’un organe","consultation, referral"],["諮る","はかる","consulter, soumettre à avis","to consult, to refer"]]},{"c":"狭","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["étroit","exigu","serré","se contracter"],"en":["cramped","narrow","contract","tight"],"on":["キョウ","コウ"],"kun":["せま.い","せば.める","せば.まる","さ"],"ex":[["狭心症","きょうしんしょう","angine de poitrine","angina pectoris"],["狭き門","せまきもん","porte étroite","narrow gate, tough competition"]]},{"c":"喫","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["consommer","manger","boire","fumer"],"en":["consume","eat","drink","smoke"],"on":["キツ"],"kun":["の.む"],"ex":[["喫煙","きつえん","fait de fumer","smoking"],["喫茶店","きっさてん","salon de café","café, coffee shop"]]},{"c":"卓","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["éminent","haut","table"],"en":["eminent","table","desk","high"],"on":["タク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["卓球","たっきゅう","tennis de table","table tennis, ping-pong"],["卓","たく","table","table, desk"]]},{"c":"干","s":3,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["sec","dessécher"],"en":["dry","parch","ebb","recede"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["ほ.す","ほ.し","ぼ.し","ひ.る"],"ex":[["若干","じゃっかん","quelques, un peu","some, a few"],["干渉","かんしょう","ingérence, interférence","interference, intervention"]]},{"c":"頂","s":11,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["placer au sommet","recevoir (je reçois de vous)","sommet de la tête (vertex)","sommet"],"en":["place on the head","receive","top of head","top"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["いただ.く","いただき"],"ex":[["頂点","ちょうてん","sommet, apogée","peak, summit"],["山頂","さんちょう","sommet de la montagne","summit"]]},{"c":"虫","s":6,"l":1,"g":1,"fr":["insecte","vermine","ver","reptile"],"en":["insect","bug","temper"],"on":["チュウ","キ"],"kun":["むし"],"ex":[["虫","むし","insecte, ver","insect, bug"],["昆虫","こんちゅう","insecte","insect, bug"]]},{"c":"刷","s":8,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["imprimer","impression"],"en":["printing","print","brush"],"on":["サツ"],"kun":["す.る","ず.り","ずり","は.く"],"ex":[["印刷","いんさつ","impression","printing"],["刷新","さっしん","renouvellement, refonte","renewal, overhaul"]]},{"c":"亀","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["tortue"],"en":["tortoise","turtle"],"on":["キ","キュウ","キン"],"kun":["かめ"],"ex":[["亀裂","きれつ","fissure, fêlure","crack, crevice"],["亀","かめ","tortue","turtle, tortoise"]]},{"c":"糧","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["provisions","vivres","nourriture","pain"],"en":["provisions","food","bread"],"on":["リョウ","ロウ"],"kun":["かて"],"ex":[["食糧","しょくりょう","vivres, denrées","food supply"],["兵糧","ひょうろう","vivres, ravitaillement militaire","military provisions"]]},{"c":"湯","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["eau chaude","bain","source chaude"],"en":["hot water","bath","hot spring"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["ゆ"],"ex":[["湯","ゆ","eau chaude, bain","hot water"],["銭湯","せんとう","bain public","public bath, bathhouse"]]},{"c":"箱","s":15,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["boîte","coffre","caisse","wagon"],"en":["box","chest","case","bin"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["はこ"],"ex":[["箱","はこ","boîte, caisse","box"],["私書箱","ししょばこ","boîte postale","post office box"]]},{"c":"簿","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["registre","livre (comptes, annuaire)"],"en":["register","record book"],"on":["ボ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["名簿","めいぼ","liste de noms, registre","register of names, list of names"],["帳簿","ちょうぼ","livre de comptes","account book, register"]]},{"c":"炉","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["fournaise","foyer","four","réacteur"],"en":["hearth","furnace","kiln","reactor"],"on":["ロ"],"kun":["いろり"],"ex":[["原子炉","げんしろ","réacteur nucléaire","atomic reactor, nuclear reactor"],["炉心","ろしん","cœur du réacteur","reactor core"]]},{"c":"牧","s":8,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["élevage","soigner","berger","nourrir"],"en":["breed","care for","shepherd","feed"],"on":["ボク"],"kun":["まき"],"ex":[["牧場","ぼくじょう","pâturage, ranch","pasture, ranch"],["牧師","ぼくし","pasteur","pastor"]]},{"c":"殊","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["particulièrement","spécialement","exceptionnellement"],"en":["particularly","especially","exceptionally"],"on":["シュ"],"kun":["こと"],"ex":[["特殊","とくしゅ","spécial, particulier","special, particular"],["特殊法人","とくしゅほうじん","organisme public spécial","special public corporation"]]},{"c":"殖","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["croître","augmenter","multiplier","élever"],"en":["augment","increase","multiply","raise"],"on":["ショク"],"kun":["ふ.える","ふ.やす"],"ex":[["増殖","ぞうしょく","multiplication, prolifération","proliferation"],["繁殖","はんしょく","reproduction animale","breeding"]]},{"c":"艦","s":21,"l":1,"fr":["navire de guerre"],"en":["warship"],"on":["カン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["艦隊","かんたい","flotte","fleet, armada"],["艦","かん","navire de guerre","warship"]]},{"c":"溶","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["fondre","dissoudre"],"en":["melt","dissolve","thaw"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["と.ける","と.かす","と.く"],"ex":[["溶岩","ようがん","lave","lava"],["溶接","ようせつ","soudure","welding"]]},{"c":"輩","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["camarade","gens","compagnons"],"en":["comrade","fellow","people","companions"],"on":["ハイ"],"kun":["ばら","やから","やかい","ともがら"],"ex":[["先輩","せんぱい","aîné (d’école, de travail)","senior"],["後輩","こうはい","cadet (d’école, de travail)","junior"]]},{"c":"穴","s":5,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["trou","orifice","fente","grotte"],"en":["hole","aperture","slit","cave"],"on":["ケツ"],"kun":["あな"],"ex":[["穴","あな","trou","hole"],["穴埋め","あなうめ","comblement, texte à trous","filling in, filling a gap"]]},{"c":"奇","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["étrange","étrangeté","curieux (bizarre)"],"en":["strange","strangeness","curiosity"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["く.しき","あや.しい","くし","めずら.しい"],"ex":[["奇妙","きみょう","étrange, bizarre","strange, odd"],["奇跡","きせき","miracle","miracle, wonder"]]},{"c":"慢","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["vanité","paresse","ridicule"],"en":["ridicule","laziness"],"on":["マン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["慢性","まんせい","chronique","chronic"],["自慢","じまん","vantardise, fierté","boast, pride"]]},{"c":"鶴","s":21,"l":1,"fr":["grue","cigogne"],"en":["crane","stork"],"on":["カク"],"kun":["つる"],"ex":[["鶴","つる","grue (oiseau)","crane (bird)"]]},{"c":"謀","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["conspirer","tricher","imposer","concevoir"],"en":["conspire","cheat","impose on","plan"],"on":["ボウ","ム"],"kun":["はか.る","たばか.る","はかりごと"],"ex":[["参謀","さんぼう","état-major, conseiller stratégique","staff officer, strategist"],["陰謀","いんぼう","complot","conspiracy"]]},{"c":"暖","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["chaleur"],"en":["warmth"],"on":["ダン","ノン"],"kun":["あたた.か","あたた.かい","あたた.まる","あたた.める"],"ex":[["温暖","おんだん","doux, tempéré","warm, mild"],["暖房","だんぼう","chauffage","heating"]]},{"c":"拍","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["applaudir","temps (musique)","battement (coeur)"],"en":["clap","beat (music)"],"on":["ハク","ヒョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["拍手","はくしゅ","applaudissements","applause, clapping"],["拍車","はくしゃ","éperon","spur"]]},{"c":"朗","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["radieux","brillant","clair","mélodieux"],"en":["melodious","clear","bright","serene"],"on":["ロウ"],"kun":["ほが.らか","あき.らか"],"ex":[["朗読","ろうどく","lecture à haute voix","reading aloud, recitation"],["明朗","めいろう","gai, franc","cheerful, honest"]]},{"c":"丈","s":3,"l":1,"fr":["longueur","10 pieds (jo)","mesure","M"],"en":["length","ten shaku","measure","Mr."],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["たけ","だけ"],"ex":[["大丈夫","だいじょうぶ","ça va, pas de problème","all right, okay"],["丈","たけ","taille, hauteur","height, length"]]},{"c":"鉱","s":13,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["minéral","minerai"],"en":["mineral","ore"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["あらがね"],"ex":[["炭鉱","たんこう","mine de charbon","coal mine"],["鉱山","こうざん","mine","mine"]]},{"c":"寛","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["tolérant","indulgent","générosité","se sentir chez soi"],"en":["tolerant","leniency","generosity","relax"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["くつろ.ぐ","ひろ.い","ゆる.やか"],"ex":[["寛容","かんよう","tolérance","tolerance, open-mindedness"],["寛大","かんだい","indulgent, généreux","lenient, generous"]]},{"c":"覆","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["recouvrir","chavirer","store","manteau"],"en":["capsize","cover","shade","mantle"],"on":["フク"],"kun":["おお.う","くつがえ.す","くつがえ.る"],"ex":[["覆う","おおう","couvrir, recouvrir","to cover"],["覆す","くつがえす","renverser, bouleverser","to overturn, to overthrow"]]},{"c":"胞","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["placenta","cavité","gaine"],"en":["placenta","sac","sheath"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["細胞","さいぼう","cellule","cell"],["同胞","どうほう","compatriote","compatriot, fellow countryman"]]},{"c":"泣","s":8,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["pleurer","gémir"],"en":["cry","weep","moan"],"on":["キュウ"],"kun":["な.く"],"ex":[["悔し泣き","くやしなき","pleurer de dépit","crying in frustration"],["泣き","なき","pleurs","crying"]]},{"c":"涙","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["larme","compassion"],"en":["tears","sympathy"],"on":["ルイ","レイ"],"kun":["なみだ"],"ex":[["涙","なみだ","larme","tear"],["催涙","さいるい","lacrymogène","tear-inducing"]]},{"c":"隔","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["distance","isoler","séparer","tous les deux (jours, mois, ..)"],"en":["isolate","alternate","distance","separate"],"on":["カク"],"kun":["へだ.てる","へだ.たる"],"ex":[["間隔","かんかく","intervalle, espacement","interval, spacing"],["隔離","かくり","isolement, quarantaine","isolation, quarantine"]]},{"c":"浄","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["nettoyer","laver","purifier","dynastie Mandchoue"],"en":["clean","purify","cleanse","exorcise"],"on":["ジョウ","セイ"],"kun":["きよ.める","きよ.い"],"ex":[["浄化","じょうか","purification","purification"],["洗浄","せんじょう","lavage, nettoyage","washing, cleansing"]]},{"c":"匹","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["égal","tête","compteur de petits animaux","rouleau de tissu (= 2 tan = ~19m)"],"en":["equal","head","counter for small animals","roll of cloth"],"on":["ヒツ"],"kun":["ひき"],"ex":[["匹敵","ひってき","égaler, rivaliser avec","to be a match for, to rival"]]},{"c":"没","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["sombrer","couler","cacher","immersion"],"en":["drown","sink","hide","fall into"],"on":["ボツ","モツ"],"kun":["おぼ.れる","しず.む","ない"],"ex":[["戦没","せんぼつ","mort au combat","killed in action"],["没後","ぼつご","après la mort","after one’s death"]]},{"c":"暇","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["temps libre","repos","loisirs","temps"],"en":["spare time","rest","leisure","time"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["ひま","いとま"],"ex":[["休暇","きゅうか","congé, vacances","vacation, time off"],["余暇","よか","loisirs, temps libre","leisure"]]},{"c":"肺","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["poumon"],"en":["lungs"],"on":["ハイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["肺炎","はいえん","pneumonie","pneumonia"],["肺","はい","poumon","lung"]]},{"c":"孫","s":10,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["petits-enfants","descendants"],"en":["grandchild","descendants"],"on":["ソン"],"kun":["まご"],"ex":[["孫","まご","petit-enfant","grandchild"],["子孫","しそん","descendants","descendant, posterity"]]},{"c":"貞","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["intègre","chasteté","pureté","vertu"],"en":["upright","chastity","constancy","righteousness"],"on":["テイ","ジョウ"],"kun":["ただし.い","さだ"],"ex":[]},{"c":"鑑","s":23,"l":1,"fr":["échantillon","être mis en garde","apprendre de"],"en":["specimen","take warning from","learn from"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["かんが.みる","かがみ"],"ex":[["鑑定","かんてい","expertise, évaluation","appraisal, expert opinion"],["鑑賞","かんしょう","appréciation d’une œuvre","appreciation"]]},{"c":"飼","s":13,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["domestiquer","élever","garder","nourrir"],"en":["domesticate","raise","keep","feed"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["か.う"],"ex":[["飼育","しいく","élevage","breeding, raising"],["飼料","しりょう","fourrage","animal feed"]]},{"c":"陰","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["Yin","ombre","négatif","secret"],"en":["shade","yin","negative","sex organs"],"on":["イン"],"kun":["かげ","かげ.る"],"ex":[["陰謀","いんぼう","complot","conspiracy"],["陰り","かげり","ombre, assombrissement","shadow, gloom"]]},{"c":"銘","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["inscription (gravée)","signature (d'un artisan)"],"en":["inscription","signature (of artisan)"],"on":["メイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["銘柄","めいがら","marque, titre boursier","brand, issue (stock)"],["感銘","かんめい","forte impression","deep impression"]]},{"c":"鋭","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["pointu","aigu","tranchant","arme"],"en":["pointed","sharpness","edge","weapon"],"on":["エイ"],"kun":["するど.い"],"ex":[["新鋭","しんえい","nouveau talent, de pointe","up-and-coming, newly developed"],["鋭い","するどい","aigu, tranchant","sharp, keen"]]},{"c":"随","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["suivre","quoique","néanmoins","pendant"],"en":["follow","though","notwithstanding","while"],"on":["ズイ"],"kun":["まにま.に","したが.う"],"ex":[["随所","ずいしょ","un peu partout","everywhere"],["随時","ずいじ","à tout moment","at any time"]]},{"c":"烈","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["ardent","véhément","furieux","violent"],"en":["ardent","violent","vehement","furious"],"on":["レツ"],"kun":["はげ.しい"],"ex":[["強烈","きょうれつ","intense, fort","intense, strong"],["猛烈","もうれつ","violent, intense","fierce, intense"]]},{"c":"尋","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["demander","interroger","rechercher","brasse"],"en":["inquire","fathom","look for"],"on":["ジン"],"kun":["たず.ねる","ひろ"],"ex":[["尋問","じんもん","interrogatoire","questioning, interrogation"],["尋常","じんじょう","ordinaire, normal","ordinary, normal"]]},{"c":"稿","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["brouillon","copie","manuscrit","paille"],"en":["draft","copy","manuscript","straw"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["わら","したがき"],"ex":[["原稿","げんこう","manuscrit, texte","manuscript, draft"],["投稿","とうこう","envoi, contribution (article, message)","contribution, submission, post"]]},{"c":"枝","s":8,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["branche","rameau","brindille","compteur de branches"],"en":["bough","branch","twig","limb"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["えだ"],"ex":[["枝","えだ","branche","branch"],["枝葉","えだは","branches et feuilles, détails secondaires","branches and leaves, minor details"]]},{"c":"丹","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["couleur de rouille","rouge","minium","pilules"],"en":["rust-colored","red","red lead","pills"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["に"],"ex":[["丹念","たんねん","soigneux, minutieux","painstaking, careful"],["丹精","たんせい","soin attentif, dévouement","devotion, painstaking care"]]},{"c":"啓","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["révéler","ouvrir","dire"],"en":["disclose","open","say"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["ひら.く","さと.す"],"ex":[["啓発","けいはつ","sensibilisation, éclaircissement","enlightenment, awareness"],["拝啓","はいけい","Cher Monsieur (formule de lettre)","Dear Sir (letter opening)"]]},{"c":"丘","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["colline","butte"],"en":["hill","knoll"],"on":["キュウ"],"kun":["おか"],"ex":[["丘","おか","colline","hill"],["丘陵","きゅうりょう","collines","hills"]]},{"c":"棟","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["faîte","bâtiment"],"en":["ridgepole","ridge"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["むね","むな"],"ex":[["棟","むね","faîte, bâtiment","ridge, building"],["病棟","びょうとう","pavillon d’hôpital","hospital ward"]]},{"c":"壌","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["lot de terrain","sol","terrain"],"en":["lot","earth","soil"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["つち"],"ex":[["土壌","どじょう","sol, terre","soil"]]},{"c":"漫","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["manga","imprécis","involontaire","à contre-coeur"],"en":["cartoon","involuntarily","unrestrained","in spite of oneself"],"on":["マン"],"kun":["みだり.に","そぞ.ろ"],"ex":[["漫画","まんが","manga, bande dessinée","manga, comic"],["漫画家","まんがか","mangaka, auteur de bandes dessinées","manga artist"]]},{"c":"玄","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["mystérieux","occulte","sombre"],"en":["mysterious","occultness","black","deep"],"on":["ゲン"],"kun":["くろ","くろ.い"],"ex":[["玄関","げんかん","entrée","entrance hall"],["玄米","げんまい","riz complet","brown rice"]]},{"c":"粘","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["collant","gluant","graisseux","persévérer"],"en":["sticky","glutinous","greasy","persevere"],"on":["ネン"],"kun":["ねば.る"],"ex":[["粘り","ねばり","viscosité, ténacité","stickiness, tenacity"],["粘り強い","ねばりづよい","tenace, persévérant","tenacious, persistent"]]},{"c":"悟","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["illumination","Eveil","percevoir","discerner"],"en":["enlightenment","perceive","discern","realize"],"on":["ゴ"],"kun":["さと.る"],"ex":[["覚悟","かくご","détermination, résolution","resolution, readiness"],["悟り","さとり","illumination, compréhension","enlightenment, realization"]]},{"c":"舗","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["échoppe","magasin","étalage"],"en":["shop","store","pave"],"on":["ホ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["店舗","てんぽ","magasin, boutique","store, shop"],["舗装","ほそう","revêtement de route","paving"]]},{"c":"妊","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["grossesse","enceinte (femme)"],"en":["pregnancy"],"on":["ニン","ジン"],"kun":["はら.む","みごも.る"],"ex":[["妊娠","にんしん","grossesse","pregnancy"],["避妊","ひにん","contraception","contraception"]]},{"c":"塗","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["peinture","peindre","tartiner","barbouiller"],"en":["paint","plaster","daub","smear"],"on":["ト"],"kun":["ぬ.る","ぬ.り","まみ.れる"],"ex":[["塗装","とそう","peinture, revêtement","painting, coating"],["塗料","とりょう","peinture, enduit","paint, coating"]]},{"c":"熟","s":15,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["mûrir","maturité","acquérir des capacités"],"en":["mellow","ripen","mature","acquire skill"],"on":["ジュク"],"kun":["う.れる"],"ex":[["成熟","せいじゅく","maturité","maturity, ripening"],["未熟","みじゅく","immature, inexpérimenté","immature, inexperienced"]]},{"c":"軒","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["gouttière","auvent","compteur de maisons"],"en":["flats","counter for houses","eaves"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["のき"],"ex":[["軒","のき","avant-toit","eaves"],["意気軒高","いきけんこう","plein d’entrain","in high spirits"]]},{"c":"恩","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["faveur","gentillesse","bonté","pitié"],"en":["grace","kindness","goodness","favor"],"on":["オン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["恩恵","おんけい","bienfait, faveur","benefit, blessing"],["恩赦","おんしゃ","amnistie, grâce","amnesty, pardon"]]},{"c":"毒","s":8,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["poison","virus","venin","germe"],"en":["poison","virus","venom","germ"],"on":["ドク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["毒","どく","poison","poison"],["中毒","ちゅうどく","intoxication, dépendance","poisoning, addiction"]]},{"c":"騰","s":20,"l":1,"fr":["inflation","augmentation","avance"],"en":["leaping up","jumping up","rising","advancing"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["あが.る","のぼ.る"],"ex":[["高騰","こうとう","flambée des prix","sharp rise (prices)"],["急騰","きゅうとう","hausse brutale","sudden surge"]]},{"c":"往","s":8,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["aller simple","aller","parer (coup)","voyage"],"en":["journey","travel","chase away","let go"],"on":["オウ"],"kun":["い.く","いにしえ","さき.に","ゆ.く"],"ex":[["往復","おうふく","aller-retour","round trip"],["往来","おうらい","allées et venues, circulation","coming and going, traffic"]]},{"c":"豆","s":7,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["haricot","pois","infime"],"en":["beans","pea","midget"],"on":["トウ","ズ"],"kun":["まめ","まめ"],"ex":[["豆","まめ","haricot, pois","bean, pea"],["大豆","だいず","soja","soybean"]]},{"c":"遂","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["réussi","accompli","parvenir à","consommer"],"en":["consummate","accomplish","attain","commit (suicide)"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["と.げる","つい.に"],"ex":[["未遂","みすい","tentative non aboutie","attempt, unsuccessful attempt"],["遂行","すいこう","accomplissement, exécution","accomplishment, carrying out"]]},{"c":"晩","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["soir","crépuscule"],"en":["nightfall","night"],"on":["バン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["晩","ばん","soir, nuit","evening, night"],["晩年","ばんねん","dernières années de la vie","one’s later years"]]},{"c":"狂","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["fou","aliéné","insensé","confusion"],"en":["lunatic","insane","crazy","confuse"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["くる.う","くる.おしい","くるお.しい"],"ex":[["狂言","きょうげん","kyōgen (théâtre comique)","kyōgen (comic theatre)"],["熱狂","ねっきょう","enthousiasme délirant","wild enthusiasm"]]},{"c":"叫","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["crier","hurler","s'exclamer"],"en":["shout","exclaim","yell"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["さけ.ぶ"],"ex":[["叫ぶ","さけぶ","crier","to shout, to cry out"],["叫び","さけび","cri","shout, cry"]]},{"c":"栃","s":9,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["marronnier d'Inde","(kokuji)"],"en":["horse chestnut","(kokuji)"],"on":[],"kun":["とち"],"ex":[]},{"c":"岐","s":7,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["bifurcation","embranchement","scène","arène"],"en":["branch off","fork in road","scene","arena"],"on":["キ","ギ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["岐阜","ぎふ","Gifu","Gifu"],["多岐","たき","multiples directions, diversité","diverse, wide-ranging"]]},{"c":"陛","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["son altesse","marches (du trône)"],"en":["highness","steps (of throne)"],"on":["ヘイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["陛下","へいか","Sa Majesté","Your Majesty"]]},{"c":"緯","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["horizontal","trame (tissage)","gauche et droite","latitude"],"en":["horizontal","woof","left &amp; right","(parallels of) latitude"],"on":["イ"],"kun":["よこいと","ぬき"],"ex":[["経緯","けいい","déroulement, circonstances","details, course of events"],["北緯","ほくい","latitude nord","north latitude"]]},{"c":"培","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["culture (plantes)","entretenir"],"en":["cultivate","foster"],"on":["バイ"],"kun":["つちか.う"],"ex":[["栽培","さいばい","culture agricole","cultivation"],["培養","ばいよう","culture biologique","culture (biological)"]]},{"c":"衰","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["déclin","diminuer","s'affaiblir"],"en":["decline","wane","weaken"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["おとろ.える"],"ex":[["老衰","ろうすい","sénilité, déclin dû à l’âge","senility, old-age decline"],["衰退","すいたい","déclin","decline"]]},{"c":"艇","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["barque","petit bateau"],"en":["rowboat","small boat"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["艦艇","かんてい","bâtiments de guerre","warships"],["競艇","きょうてい","course de bateaux à moteur","powerboat racing"]]},{"c":"屈","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["céder","se courber","fléchir","soumission"],"en":["yield","bend","flinch","submit"],"on":["クツ"],"kun":["かが.む","かが.める"],"ex":[["理屈","りくつ","raisonnement, logique","reasoning, logic"],["屈辱","くつじょく","humiliation","humiliation"]]},{"c":"径","s":8,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["diamètre","chemin","méthode"],"en":["diameter","path","method"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["みち","こみち","さしわたし","ただちに"],"ex":[["直径","ちょっけい","diamètre","diameter"],["半径","はんけい","rayon","radius"]]},{"c":"淡","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["dilué","vague","pâle","éphémère"],"en":["thin","faint","pale","fleeting"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["あわ.い"],"ex":[["淡水","たんすい","eau douce","fresh water"],["淡泊","たんぱく","détaché, simple","indifferent, simple"]]},{"c":"抽","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["extraire","tirer","exceller"],"en":["pluck","pull","extract","excel"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":["ひき"],"ex":[["抽選","ちゅうせん","tirage au sort","lottery, drawing"],["抽象","ちゅうしょう","abstraction","abstraction"]]},{"c":"披","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["exposer","ouvrir (son coeur)"],"en":["expose","open"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["披露","ひろう","annonce publique, présentation","announcement, presentation"],["披露宴","ひろうえん","banquet de mariage","wedding reception"]]},{"c":"廷","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["tribunaux","cour impériale","bureau du gouvernement"],"en":["courts","imperial court","government office"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["法廷","ほうてい","tribunal, salle d’audience","courtroom"],["宮廷","きゅうてい","cour royale","royal court"]]},{"c":"錦","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["brocart","belle robe","honneurs"],"en":["brocade","fine dress","honors"],"on":["キン"],"kun":["にしき"],"ex":[["錦","にしき","brocart","brocade"],["錦絵","にしきえ","estampe polychrome nishiki-e","nishiki-e, polychrome print"]]},{"c":"准","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["presque","semi-","associé"],"en":["quasi-","semi-","associate"],"on":["ジュン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["批准","ひじゅん","ratification","ratification"]]},{"c":"暑","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["chaud","torride","temps lourd","chaleur d'été"],"en":["sultry","hot","summer heat"],"on":["ショ"],"kun":["あつ.い"],"ex":[["暑さ","あつさ","chaleur","heat"],["猛暑","もうしょ","canicule","scorching heat"]]},{"c":"拝","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["culte","adorer","prier"],"en":["worship","adore","pray to"],"on":["ハイ"],"kun":["おが.む","おろが.む"],"ex":[["参拝","さんぱい","visite à un sanctuaire","visit to a shrine"],["礼拝","れいはい","culte, prière","worship, prayer"]]},{"c":"奨","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["exhorter","encourager","pousser à"],"en":["exhort","urge","encourage"],"on":["ショウ","ソウ"],"kun":["すす.める"],"ex":[["奨励","しょうれい","encouragement, promotion","encouragement, promotion"],["奨学金","しょうがくきん","bourse d’études","scholarship"]]},{"c":"妹","s":8,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["soeur cadette"],"en":["younger sister"],"on":["マイ"],"kun":["いもうと"],"ex":[["妹","いもうと","petite sœur","younger sister"],["姉妹","しまい","sœurs","sisters"]]},{"c":"浸","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["immersion","tremper","plonger dans","humidifier"],"en":["immersed","soak","dip","steep"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["ひた.す","ひた.る","つ.かる"],"ex":[["浸透","しんとう","infiltration, pénétration","permeation, penetration"],["浸水","しんすい","inondation d’un bâtiment","flooding, inundation"]]},{"c":"剰","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["par dessus le marché","en outre","surplus"],"en":["surplus","besides"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["あまつさえ","あま.り","あま.る"],"ex":[["過剰","かじょう","excès, surplus","excess"],["余剰","よじょう","excédent, surplus","surplus"]]},{"c":"胆","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["vésicule biliaire","courage","cran"],"en":["gall bladder","courage","pluck","nerve"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["きも"],"ex":[["大胆","だいたん","audacieux, hardi","bold, daring"],["胆","きも","vésicule biliaire, courage","gallbladder, courage"]]},{"c":"氷","s":5,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["glace","glaçon","grêle","geler"],"en":["icicle","ice","hail","freeze"],"on":["ヒョウ"],"kun":["こおり","ひ","こお.る"],"ex":[["氷","こおり","glace","ice"],["氷山","ひょうざん","iceberg","iceberg"]]},{"c":"繊","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["effilé","fin","kimono léger"],"en":["slender","fine","thin kimono"],"on":["セン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["繊維","せんい","fibre","fibre, fiber"],["繊細","せんさい","délicat, sensible","delicate, sensitive"]]},{"c":"駒","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["poulain","cheval","poney"],"en":["pony","horse","colt"],"on":["ク"],"kun":["こま"],"ex":[["駒","こま","pièce de jeu (échecs, shōgi)","game piece, chess piece"]]},{"c":"乾","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["sécheresse","sécher","dessécher","vider (verre)"],"en":["drought","dry","desiccate","drink up"],"on":["カン","ケン"],"kun":["かわ.く","かわ.かす","ほ.す","ひ.る"],"ex":[["乾燥","かんそう","séchage, sec","drying, dryness"],["乾電池","かんでんち","pile sèche","dry cell battery"]]},{"c":"虚","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["vide","impréparation","craquelure","fissure"],"en":["void","emptiness","unpreparedness","crack"],"on":["キョ","コ"],"kun":["むな.しい","うつ.ろ"],"ex":[["虚偽","きょぎ","mensonge, fausseté","falsehood, lie"],["謙虚","けんきょ","modeste, humble","modest, humble"]]},{"c":"棒","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["bâton","baguette","canne","barre"],"en":["rod","stick","cane","pole"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["棒","ぼう","bâton, barre","stick, rod"],["泥棒","どろぼう","voleur, cambrioleur","thief, burglar"]]},{"c":"寒","s":12,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["froid (temps)"],"en":["cold"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["さむ.い"],"ex":[["寒さ","さむさ","froid","cold"],["寒気","さむけ","frisson, froid","chill, shivers"]]},{"c":"霊","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["esprits","âmes"],"en":["spirits","soul"],"on":["レイ","リョウ"],"kun":["たま"],"ex":[["慰霊","いれい","apaisement des âmes des défunts","consoling the spirits of the dead"],["霊","れい","âme, esprit","spirit, soul"]]},{"c":"帳","s":11,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["cahier","livre de comptes","album"],"en":["notebook","account book","album","curtain"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["とばり"],"ex":[["手帳","てちょう","carnet, agenda","notebook, planner"],["帳簿","ちょうぼ","livre de comptes","account book, register"]]},{"c":"悔","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["regret","repentir"],"en":["repent","regret"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":["く.いる","く.やむ","くや.しい"],"ex":[["悔し泣き","くやしなき","pleurer de dépit","crying in frustration"],["悔い","くい","regret, remords","regret"]]},{"c":"諭","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["réprimande","admonestation","conseiller","prévenir"],"en":["rebuke","admonish","charge","warn"],"on":["ユ"],"kun":["さと.す"],"ex":[["教諭","きょうゆ","enseignant d’école","teacher (school)"],["養護教諭","ようごきょうゆ","infirmière scolaire","school nurse"]]},{"c":"祈","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["prier","voeu"],"en":["pray","wish"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["いの.る"],"ex":[["祈り","いのり","prière","prayer"],["祈念","きねん","prière, vœu","prayer, wish"]]},{"c":"惨","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["choquant","misérable","désastre","cruauté"],"en":["wretched","disaster","cruelty","harsh"],"on":["サン","ザン"],"kun":["みじ.め","いた.む","むご.い"],"ex":[["悲惨","ひさん","tragique, misérable","tragic, miserable"],["惨事","さんじ","catastrophe, drame","disaster, tragedy"]]},{"c":"虐","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["tyranniser","opprimer"],"en":["tyrannize","oppress"],"on":["ギャク"],"kun":["しいた.げる"],"ex":[["虐殺","ぎゃくさつ","massacre","massacre"],["虐待","ぎゃくたい","maltraitance","abuse, mistreatment"]]},{"c":"翻","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["voltiger","faire flotter (drapeau)","changer de sens","changer (d'opinion)"],"en":["flip","turn over","wave","flutter"],"on":["ホン","ハン"],"kun":["ひるがえ.る","ひるがえ.す"],"ex":[["翻訳","ほんやく","traduction","translation"],["翻意","ほんい","changement d’avis","changing one’s mind"]]},{"c":"墜","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["s'écraser","tomber"],"en":["crash","fall (down)"],"on":["ツイ"],"kun":["お.ちる","お.つ"],"ex":[["墜落","ついらく","chute, crash","fall, crash"],["撃墜","げきつい","abattage d’un avion","shooting down"]]},{"c":"沼","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["marais","lac","marécage","mare"],"en":["marsh","lake","bog","swamp"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["ぬま"],"ex":[["沼","ぬま","marais, étang","swamp, pond"],["泥沼","どろぬま","bourbier, impasse","quagmire"]]},{"c":"据","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["poser les fondations","installer","équiper","s'accroupir"],"en":["set","lay a foundation","install","equip"],"on":["キョ"],"kun":["す.える","す.わる"],"ex":[["据え置き","すえおき","maintien en l’état, report","leaving as is, deferment"],["据える","すえる","installer, poser","to set, to install"]]},{"c":"肥","s":8,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["engrais","grossir","fertile","fumier"],"en":["fertilizer","get fat","fertile","manure"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["こ.える","こえ","こ.やす","こ.やし"],"ex":[["肥料","ひりょう","engrais","fertilizer"],["肥満","ひまん","obésité","obesity"]]},{"c":"徐","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["lentement","petit à petit","posément","doucement"],"en":["gradually","slowly","deliberately","gently"],"on":["ジョ"],"kun":["おもむ.ろに"],"ex":[["徐行","じょこう","marche lente, ralentir","slow driving"]]},{"c":"糖","s":16,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["sucre"],"en":["sugar"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["砂糖","さとう","sucre","sugar"],["糖尿病","とうにょうびょう","diabète","diabetes"]]},{"c":"搭","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["embarquement","charger (un véhicule)","prendre (un véhicule)"],"en":["board","load (a vehicle)","ride"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["搭載","とうさい","chargement, embarquement","loading, equipping"],["搭乗","とうじょう","embarquement (avion)","boarding"]]},{"c":"髪","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["cheveux"],"en":["hair of the head"],"on":["ハツ"],"kun":["かみ"],"ex":[["髪","かみ","cheveux","hair"],["白髪","はくはつ","cheveux blancs","white hair"]]},{"c":"忙","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["occupé","affairé","agité"],"en":["busy","occupied","restless"],"on":["ボウ","モウ"],"kun":["いそが.しい","せわ.しい","おそ.れる","うれえるさま"],"ex":[["忙しい","いそがしい","occupé","busy"],["多忙","たぼう","très occupé","very busy"]]},{"c":"盾","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["bouclier","écu","prétexte"],"en":["shield","escutcheon","pretext"],"on":["ジュン"],"kun":["たて"],"ex":[["矛盾","むじゅん","contradiction","contradiction, inconsistency"],["盾","たて","bouclier","shield"]]},{"c":"脈","s":10,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["veine","pouls","chaîne (montagne)","espoir"],"en":["vein","pulse","hope"],"on":["ミャク"],"kun":["すじ"],"ex":[["人脈","じんみゃく","réseau de relations","personal connections"],["動脈","どうみゃく","artère","artery"]]},{"c":"滝","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["cascade","rapides","chute d'eau"],"en":["waterfall","rapids","cascade"],"on":["ロウ","ソウ"],"kun":["たき"],"ex":[["滝","たき","cascade, chute d’eau","waterfall"]]},{"c":"拾","s":9,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["ramasser","cueillir","trouver","aller à pied"],"en":["pick up","gather","find","go on foot"],"on":["シュウ","ジュウ"],"kun":["ひろ.う"],"ex":[["収拾","しゅうしゅう","maîtrise de la situation, règlement","bringing under control, settling"],["拾い物","ひろいもの","objet trouvé, aubaine","found item, lucky find"]]},{"c":"軌","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["ornière","rails","orbite","modèle"],"en":["rut","wheel","track","model"],"on":["キ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["軌道","きどう","orbite, voie ferrée","orbit, track"],["軌跡","きせき","trajectoire, parcours","trajectory, track record"]]},{"c":"俵","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["sac de paille","sac","botte de paille","compteur de sacs"],"en":["bag","bale","sack","counter for bags"],"on":["ヒョウ"],"kun":["たわら"],"ex":[["土俵","どひょう","ring de sumo","sumo ring"],["俵","たわら","sac de paille de riz","straw bag"]]},{"c":"妨","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["empêcher","gêner","obstruction","déranger"],"en":["disturb","prevent","hamper","obstruct"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["さまた.げる"],"ex":[["妨害","ぼうがい","obstruction, entrave","obstruction, interference"],["妨げ","さまたげ","obstacle, entrave","obstacle, hindrance"]]},{"c":"粉","s":10,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["farine","poudre","poussière"],"en":["flour","powder","dust"],"on":["フン"],"kun":["デシメートル","こ","こな"],"ex":[["花粉","かふん","pollen","pollen"],["小麦粉","こむぎこ","farine de blé","wheat flour"]]},{"c":"擦","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["abrasion","gratter","frotter","râper"],"en":["grate","rub","scratch","scrape"],"on":["サツ"],"kun":["す.る","す.れる","ず.れ","こす.る"],"ex":[["摩擦","まさつ","frottement, friction","friction, rubbing"],["擦り傷","すりきず","écorchure","scratch, scrape"]]},{"c":"鯨","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["baleine"],"en":["whale"],"on":["ゲイ"],"kun":["くじら"],"ex":[["捕鯨","ほげい","chasse à la baleine","whaling"],["鯨","くじら","baleine","whale"]]},{"c":"糸","s":6,"l":1,"g":1,"fr":["fil"],"en":["thread"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["いと"],"ex":[["糸","いと","fil","thread"],["糸口","いとぐち","amorce, indice","clue, starting point"]]},{"c":"荘","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["villa","auberge","maison de campagne","manoir féodal"],"en":["villa","inn","cottage","feudal manor"],"on":["ソウ","ショウ","チャン"],"kun":["ほうき","おごそ.か"],"ex":[["別荘","べっそう","villa de vacances, résidence secondaire","villa, vacation home"],["山荘","さんそう","chalet de montagne","mountain lodge"]]},{"c":"諾","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["consentement","assentiment","accord"],"en":["consent","assent","agreement"],"on":["ダク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["受諾","じゅだく","acceptation","acceptance"],["承諾","しょうだく","consentement, accord","consent, agreement"]]},{"c":"雷","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["tonnerre","foudre"],"en":["thunder","lightning bolt"],"on":["ライ"],"kun":["かみなり","いかずち","いかづち"],"ex":[["地雷","じらい","mine terrestre","landmine"],["機雷","きらい","mine marine","naval mine"]]},{"c":"漂","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["dériver","flotter"],"en":["drift","float (on liquid)"],"on":["ヒョウ"],"kun":["ただよ.う"],"ex":[["漂流","ひょうりゅう","dérive","drifting"],["漂う","ただよう","flotter, planer","to drift, to float"]]},{"c":"懐","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["poche","bourse","sentiments","coeur"],"en":["feelings","heart","yearn","miss someone"],"on":["カイ","エ"],"kun":["ふところ","なつ.かしい","なつ.かしむ","なつ.く"],"ex":[["懐","ふところ","poitrine, poche","bosom, pocket"],["懐疑","かいぎ","doute, scepticisme","doubt, skepticism"]]},{"c":"勘","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["intuition","perception"],"en":["intuition","perception","check","compare"],"on":["カン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["勘定","かんじょう","addition, compte","bill, calculation"],["勘","かん","intuition, flair","intuition, hunch"]]},{"c":"綿","s":14,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["coton"],"en":["cotton"],"on":["メン"],"kun":["わた"],"ex":[["綿密","めんみつ","minutieux, détaillé","meticulous, detailed"],["綿花","めんか","coton brut","raw cotton"]]},{"c":"栽","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["plantation","cultiver","élever"],"en":["plantation","planting"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["栽培","さいばい","culture agricole","cultivation"],["盆栽","ぼんさい","bonsaï","bonsai, miniature potted plant"]]},{"c":"才","s":3,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["génie","\"(x) ans\" (âge)","shaku cubique (18,04 ml)"],"en":["genius","years old","cubic shaku"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["才能","さいのう","talent","talent"],["天才","てんさい","génie","genius"]]},{"c":"拐","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["rapt","falsifier"],"en":["kidnap","falsify"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["誘拐","ゆうかい","enlèvement","kidnapping"]]},{"c":"駄","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["fardeau","cheval de bât","charge de cheval","envoyé par cheval"],"en":["burdensome","pack horse","horse load","send by horse"],"on":["ダ","タ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["無駄","むだ","inutile, gaspillage","waste, futile"],["無駄遣い","むだづかい","gaspillage d’argent","wasteful spending"]]},{"c":"添","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["annexer","accompagner","se marier","joindre"],"en":["annexed","accompany","marry","suit"],"on":["テン"],"kun":["そ.える","そ.う"],"ex":[["付き添い","つきそい","accompagnement, accompagnateur","attendance, escort"],["添加物","てんかぶつ","additif","additive"]]},{"c":"汗","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["sueur","transpirer"],"en":["sweat","perspire"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["あせ"],"ex":[["汗","あせ","sueur","sweat"],["冷や汗","ひやあせ","sueur froide","cold sweat"]]},{"c":"冠","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["couronne","le meilleur","inégalable"],"en":["crown","best","peerless"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["かんむり"],"ex":[["冠","かんむり","couronne","crown"],["栄冠","えいかん","lauriers, couronne de gloire","laurels, crown of glory"]]},{"c":"斜","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["penché","diagonale","oblique"],"en":["diagonal","slanting","oblique"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["なな.め","はす"],"ex":[["斜面","しゃめん","pente, versant","slope"],["傾斜","けいしゃ","inclinaison, pente","inclination, slope"]]},{"c":"銅","s":14,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["cuivre"],"en":["copper"],"on":["ドウ"],"kun":["あかがね"],"ex":[["銅","どう","cuivre","copper"],["銅像","どうぞう","statue de bronze","bronze statue"]]},{"c":"鏡","s":19,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["miroir","-scope","tonneau (saké)","gâteau de riz de Nouvel an"],"en":["mirror","speculum","barrel-head","round rice-cake offering"],"on":["キョウ","ケイ"],"kun":["かがみ"],"ex":[["鏡","かがみ","miroir","mirror"],["望遠鏡","ぼうえんきょう","télescope","telescope"]]},{"c":"浪","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["ondes","vagues","flots"],"en":["wandering","waves","billows","reckless"],"on":["ロウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["浪人","ろうにん","samouraï sans maître, candidat qui redouble","masterless samurai, student repeating exams"],["放浪","ほうろう","errance, vagabondage","wandering"]]},{"c":"亜","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["Asie","suivant","sub-","sous-"],"en":["Asia","rank next","come after","-ous"],"on":["ア"],"kun":["つ.ぐ"],"ex":[["東亜","とうあ","Asie de l’Est","East Asia"],["亜鉛","あえん","zinc","zinc"]]},{"c":"覧","s":17,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["lecture","voir","prendre connaissance"],"en":["perusal","see"],"on":["ラン"],"kun":["み.る"],"ex":[["展覧会","てんらんかい","exposition","exhibition"],["博覧会","はくらんかい","exposition universelle, foire","exposition, fair"]]},{"c":"詐","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["mentir","fausseté","fraude","tromper"],"en":["lie","falsehood","deceive","pretend"],"on":["サ"],"kun":["いつわ.る"],"ex":[["詐欺","さぎ","escroquerie, fraude","fraud, swindle"],["詐称","さしょう","fausse déclaration","false representation"]]},{"c":"壇","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["tribune","podium","estrade","gradins"],"en":["podium","stage","rostrum","terrace"],"on":["ダン","タン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["土壇場","どたんば","dernier moment","last moment, eleventh hour"],["壇上","だんじょう","sur l’estrade","on the platform"]]},{"c":"勲","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["mérite","haut fait","fait méritoire"],"en":["meritorious deed","merit"],"on":["クン"],"kun":["いさお"],"ex":[["勲章","くんしょう","décoration, médaille","medal, decoration"],["殊勲","しゅくん","haut fait, exploit","distinguished service, feat"]]},{"c":"魔","s":21,"l":1,"fr":["sorcière","démon","esprit malfaisant"],"en":["witch","demon","evil spirit"],"on":["マ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["悪魔","あくま","démon, diable","devil, demon"],["邪魔","じゃま","gêne, dérangement","hindrance, nuisance"]]},{"c":"酬","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["rembourser","récompense","rémunération"],"en":["repay","reward","retribution"],"on":["シュウ","シュ","トウ"],"kun":["むく.いる"],"ex":[["報酬","ほうしゅう","rémunération","remuneration, reward"],["応酬","おうしゅう","échange, riposte","exchange, retort"]]},{"c":"紫","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["violet"],"en":["purple","violet"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["むらさき"],"ex":[["紫","むらさき","violet, pourpre","purple"],["紫外線","しがいせん","rayons ultraviolets","ultraviolet rays"]]},{"c":"湿","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["moite","humide","mouillé"],"en":["damp","wet","moist"],"on":["シツ","シュウ"],"kun":["しめ.る","しめ.す","うるお.う","うるお.す"],"ex":[["湿地","しっち","zone humide","wetland"],["湿原","しつげん","marais, zone humide","marshland"]]},{"c":"紋","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["armoiries","motif (dessin)"],"en":["family crest","figures"],"on":["モン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["波紋","はもん","ondulations, répercussions","ripples, repercussions"],["指紋","しもん","empreinte digitale","fingerprint"]]},{"c":"卸","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["vente en gros"],"en":["wholesale"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["おろ.す","おろし","おろ.し"],"ex":[["卸売","おろしうり","vente en gros","wholesale"],["卸売物価","おろしうりぶっか","prix de gros","wholesale prices"]]},{"c":"奮","s":16,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["excitation","stimulation","tonifié","épanoui"],"en":["stirred up","be invigorated","flourish"],"on":["フン"],"kun":["ふる.う"],"ex":[["興奮","こうふん","excitation","excitement"],["奮起","ふんき","sursaut d’énergie","rousing oneself to action"]]},{"c":"欄","s":20,"l":1,"fr":["colonne de journal","rampe","blanc","espace"],"en":["column","handrail","blank","space"],"on":["ラン"],"kun":["てすり"],"ex":[["欄","らん","colonne, rubrique, case","column, field"],["空欄","くうらん","case vide, espace en blanc","blank space, empty field"]]},{"c":"逸","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["dévier","oisiveté","loisirs","rater"],"en":["deviate","idleness","leisure","miss the mark"],"on":["イツ"],"kun":["そ.れる","そ.らす","はぐ.れる"],"ex":[["逸脱","いつだつ","écart, déviation","deviation, departure"],["逸材","いつざい","talent exceptionnel","outstanding talent"]]},{"c":"涯","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["horizon","rivage"],"en":["horizon","shore","limit","bound"],"on":["ガイ"],"kun":["はて"],"ex":[["生涯","しょうがい","vie entière, carrière","lifetime"],["生涯教育","しょうがいきょういく","formation tout au long de la vie","lifelong education"]]},{"c":"拓","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["défricher","conquête (terrain)"],"en":["clear (the land)","open","break up (land)"],"on":["タク"],"kun":["ひら.く"],"ex":[["開拓","かいたく","défrichement, pionnier","development, pioneering"],["拓殖","たくしょく","colonisation","colonization"]]},{"c":"眼","s":11,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["globe oculaire"],"en":["eyeball"],"on":["ガン","ゲン"],"kun":["まなこ","め"],"ex":[["眼鏡","めがね","lunettes","glasses"],["主眼","しゅがん","point principal, objectif","main point, focus"]]},{"c":"瓶","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["pot de fleurs","fiole","pot","pichet"],"en":["bottle","vial","jar","jug"],"on":["ビン","ヘイ"],"kun":["かめ"],"ex":[["瓶","びん","bouteille","bottle"],["火炎瓶","かえんびん","cocktail Molotov","Molotov cocktail"]]},{"c":"獄","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["prison"],"en":["prison","jail"],"on":["ゴク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["地獄","じごく","enfer","hell"],["獄中","ごくちゅう","en prison","in prison"]]},{"c":"尚","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["de plus","en outre","encore","respecter"],"en":["esteem","furthermore","still","yet"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["なお"],"ex":[["尚","なお","encore, de plus","still, furthermore"],["時期尚早","じきしょうそう","prématuré","premature, too early"]]},{"c":"阜","s":8,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":[],"en":["hill","mound","left village radical (no. 170)"],"on":["フ","フウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["岐阜","ぎふ","Gifu","Gifu"]]},{"c":"彫","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["sculpter","graver","ciseler"],"en":["carve","engrave","chisel"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["ほ.る","ぼ.り"],"ex":[["浮き彫り","うきぼり","relief, mise en évidence","relief, highlighting"],["彫刻","ちょうこく","sculpture, gravure","sculpture, carving"]]},{"c":"咲","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["fleurir","floraison"],"en":["blossom","bloom"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["さ.く","ざき"],"ex":[["返り咲き","かえりざき","retour en force","comeback"],["遅咲き","おそざき","floraison tardive","late blooming"]]},{"c":"穏","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["paisible","calme","modéré"],"en":["calm","quiet","moderation"],"on":["オン"],"kun":["おだ.やか"],"ex":[["穏健","おんけん","modéré, mesuré","moderate, sensible"],["穏やか","おだやか","calme, doux","calm, gentle"]]},{"c":"顕","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["apparaître","existant"],"en":["appear","existing"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["あきらか","あらわ.れる"],"ex":[["顕著","けんちょ","remarquable, notable","remarkable, marked"],["顕彰","けんしょう","reconnaissance publique, hommage","public recognition, tribute"]]},{"c":"巧","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["adroit","habile","ingénieux"],"en":["adroit","skilled","ingenuity"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["たく.み","たく.む","うま.い"],"ex":[["巧み","たくみ","habile, ingénieux","skillful, clever"],["巧妙","こうみょう","ingénieux, astucieux","ingenious, clever"]]},{"c":"矛","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["hallebarde","armes","char de festival"],"en":["halberd","arms","festival float"],"on":["ム","ボウ"],"kun":["ほこ"],"ex":[["矛盾","むじゅん","contradiction","contradiction, inconsistency"],["矛先","ほこさき","pointe de lance, cible d’une critique","spearhead, target of criticism"]]},{"c":"垣","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["haie","clôture","mur"],"en":["hedge","fence","wall"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["かき"],"ex":[["石垣","いしがき","mur de pierre","stone wall"],["垣根","かきね","haie, clôture","hedge, fence"]]},{"c":"召","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["faire venir à soi","appeler","inviter","prendre (bain)"],"en":["seduce","call","send for","wear"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["め.す"],"ex":[["召集","しょうしゅう","convocation, mobilisation","summoning, call-up"],["召使","めしつかい","domestique, serviteur","servant"]]},{"c":"欺","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["tromperie","tricherie","supercherie"],"en":["deceit","cheat","delude"],"on":["ギ"],"kun":["あざむ.く"],"ex":[["詐欺","さぎ","escroquerie, fraude","fraud, swindle"],["詐欺師","さぎし","escroc","swindler, fraudster"]]},{"c":"釣","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["rendre la monnaie","pêche à la ligne","attraper","attirer"],"en":["angling","fish","catch","allure"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["つ.る","つ.り","つ.り"],"ex":[["釣り","つり","pêche à la ligne","fishing"],["一本釣り","いっぽんづり","pêche à la ligne simple","pole fishing"]]},{"c":"缶","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["boîte de conserve","récipient","radical jarre (no. 121)"],"en":["tin can","container","jar radical (no. 121)"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["かま"],"ex":[["缶","かん","boîte de conserve, canette","can, tin"],["空き缶","あきかん","canette vide","empty can"]]},{"c":"粧","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["cosmétique","se maquiller"],"en":["cosmetics","adorn (one's person)"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["化粧","けしょう","maquillage","makeup"],["化粧水","けしょうすい","lotion pour le visage","skin lotion"]]},{"c":"隻","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["compteur de bateaux","compteur d'oiseaux","vaisseaux","poissons"],"en":["vessels","counter for ships","fish","birds"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":[],"ex":[]},{"c":"葛","s":11,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["arrowroot","kudzu"],"on":["カツ","カチ"],"kun":["つづら","くず"],"ex":[["葛藤","かっとう","conflit intérieur, tiraillement","conflict, inner struggle"]]},{"c":"脂","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["gras","graisse","suif","lard"],"en":["fat","grease","tallow","lard"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["あぶら"],"ex":[["脂肪","しぼう","graisse","fat"],["樹脂","じゅし","résine","resin"]]},{"c":"粛","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["solennellement","tranquillement","doucement"],"en":["solemn","quietly","softly"],"on":["シュク","スク"],"kun":["つつし.む"],"ex":[["自粛","じしゅく","retenue volontaire","voluntary restraint"],["厳粛","げんしゅく","solennel, grave","solemn, grave"]]},{"c":"愚","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["stupide","absurdité","idiot","bête"],"en":["foolish","folly","absurdity","stupid"],"on":["グ"],"kun":["おろ.か"],"ex":[["愚痴","ぐち","plainte, lamentation","grumbling, complaint"],["愚か","おろか","stupide, insensé","foolish, stupid"]]},{"c":"蒸","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["cuire à la vapeur","chauffer","torride","fomenter"],"en":["steam","heat","sultry","foment"],"on":["ジョウ","セイ"],"kun":["む.す","む.れる","む.らす"],"ex":[["蒸気","じょうき","vapeur","steam"],["蒸し","むし","cuisson à la vapeur","steaming"]]},{"c":"遭","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["rencontre","mauvaise rencontre","parti","association"],"en":["encounter","meet","party","association"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["あ.う","あ.わせる"],"ex":[["遭難","そうなん","accident, détresse","accident, getting into distress"],["遭う","あう","rencontrer, subir un accident","to encounter, to suffer"]]},{"c":"架","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["ériger","monter","suspendre (pont)","supporter (poids)"],"en":["erect","frame","mount","support"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["か.ける","か.かる"],"ex":[["架空","かくう","imaginaire, fictif","imaginary, fictitious"],["十字架","じゅうじか","croix","cross"]]},{"c":"鬼","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["démon","monstre"],"en":["ghost","devil"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["おに","おに"],"ex":[["鬼","おに","démon, ogre","ogre, demon"],["疑心暗鬼","ぎしんあんき","méfiance excessive","suspicion breeds fear"]]},{"c":"庶","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["peuple","roturier","tout","bâtard"],"en":["commoner","all","bastard"],"on":["ショ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["庶民","しょみん","gens ordinaires, peuple","common people"],["庶務","しょむ","affaires générales","general affairs"]]},{"c":"肌","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["épiderme","texture","grain","corps"],"en":["texture","skin","body","grain"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["はだ"],"ex":[["肌","はだ","peau","skin"],["山肌","やまはだ","flanc de montagne","mountainside"]]},{"c":"稚","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["immature","jeunesse"],"en":["immature","young"],"on":["チ","ジ"],"kun":["いとけない","おさない","おくて","おでる"],"ex":[["幼稚園","ようちえん","école maternelle","kindergarten, nursery school"],["稚魚","ちぎょ","alevin","fry, young fish"]]},{"c":"靴","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["chaussure"],"en":["shoes"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["くつ"],"ex":[["靴","くつ","chaussure","shoe"],["靴下","くつした","chaussette","sock"]]},{"c":"滋","s":12,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["nourrissant","de plus en plus","luxuriant","plantation"],"en":["nourishing","more &amp; more","be luxuriant","planting"],"on":["ジ","シ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["滋養","じよう","nutrition, aliment nourrissant","nourishment"]]},{"c":"幻","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["chimère","fantôme","fantasme","vision"],"en":["phantasm","vision","dream","illusion"],"on":["ゲン"],"kun":["まぼろし"],"ex":[["幻想","げんそう","illusion, fantaisie","fantasy, illusion"],["幻","まぼろし","mirage, vision","phantom, illusion"]]},{"c":"煮","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["mijoter","bouillir","cuire"],"en":["boil","cook"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["に.る","に","に.える","に.やす"],"ex":[["煮る","にる","faire bouillir, mijoter","to boil, to simmer"],["煮物","にもの","plat mijoté","simmered dish"]]},{"c":"姫","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["princesse"],"en":["princess"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["ひめ","ひめ"],"ex":[["姫","ひめ","princesse","princess"],["舞姫","まいひめ","danseuse","dancer, dancing girl"]]},{"c":"誓","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["prêter serment","promettre","jurer"],"en":["vow","swear","pledge"],"on":["セイ"],"kun":["ちか.う"],"ex":[["誓って","ちかって","je le jure, absolument","I swear, by all means"],["宣誓","せんせい","serment","oath"]]},{"c":"耕","s":10,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["labourer","cultiver"],"en":["till","plow","cultivate"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["たがや.す"],"ex":[["耕作","こうさく","culture, labour","cultivation, farming"],["農耕","のうこう","agriculture, culture des champs","farming"]]},{"c":"把","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["agripper","saisir","fagot","paquet"],"en":["grasp","faggot","bunch","counter for bundles"],"on":["ハ","ワ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["把握","はあく","saisir, comprendre","grasp, understanding"],["大雑把","おおざっぱ","approximatif, grossier","rough, approximate"]]},{"c":"践","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["monter sur","piétiner","accéder (trône)","pratique"],"en":["tread","step on","trample","practice"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["ふ.む"],"ex":[["実践","じっせん","pratique, mise en pratique","practice, putting into practice"]]},{"c":"呈","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["dévoiler","offrir","présenter","envoyer"],"en":["display","offer","present","send"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["贈呈","ぞうてい","remise d’un cadeau","presentation (of a gift)"],["進呈","しんてい","offrande, présent","presenting, giving"]]},{"c":"疎","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["négligence","ignorer","aliéner","éviter"],"en":["alienate","rough","neglect","shun"],"on":["ソ","ショ"],"kun":["うと.い","うと.む","まば.ら"],"ex":[["過疎","かそ","dépeuplement","depopulation"],["疎開","そかい","évacuation, dispersion","evacuation"]]},{"c":"仰","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["regarder en l'air","dire (humble)","dépendre","chercher"],"en":["face-up","look up","depend","seek"],"on":["ギョウ","コウ"],"kun":["あお.ぐ","おお.せ","お.っしゃる","おっしゃ.る"],"ex":[["信仰","しんこう","foi, croyance","faith, belief"],["仰ぐ","あおぐ","lever les yeux, vénérer","to look up, to revere"]]},{"c":"鈍","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["émoussé","lent","bête"],"en":["dull","slow","foolish","blunt"],"on":["ドン"],"kun":["にぶ.い","にぶ.る","にぶ","なま.る"],"ex":[["鈍化","どんか","ralentissement, émoussement","slowing down, dulling"],["鈍い","にぶい","émoussé, lent","dull, slow"]]},{"c":"恥","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["honte","déshonneur"],"en":["shame","dishonor"],"on":["チ"],"kun":["は.じる","はじ","は.じらう","は.ずかしい"],"ex":[["恥じる","はじる","avoir honte","to be ashamed"],["恥じらう","はじらう","être timide, rougir","to be bashful"]]},{"c":"剛","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["fermeté","vigoureux","force"],"en":["sturdy","strength"],"on":["ゴウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["剛健","ごうけん","robuste, vigoureux","sturdy, vigorous"]]},{"c":"疾","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["rapide","maladie"],"en":["rapidly"],"on":["シツ"],"kun":["はや.い"],"ex":[["疾患","しっかん","maladie, affection","disease, disorder"],["疾病","しっぺい","maladie","disease, illness"]]},{"c":"征","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["conquête","attaquer les barbares","collecter les taxes"],"en":["subjugate","attack the rebellious","collect taxes"],"on":["セイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["遠征","えんせい","expédition, déplacement à l’extérieur","expedition, away game"],["征服","せいふく","conquête","conquest"]]},{"c":"砕","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["fracasser","casser","briser","familier (informel)"],"en":["smash","break","crush","familiar"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":["くだ.く","くだ.ける"],"ex":[["火砕流","かさいりゅう","écoulement pyroclastique","pyroclastic flow"],["粉砕","ふんさい","broyage, écrasement","crushing, smashing"]]},{"c":"謡","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["chanter","chant Noh"],"en":["song","sing","ballad","noh chanting"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["うた.い","うた.う"],"ex":[["童謡","どうよう","chanson enfantine","children’s song"],["民謡","みんよう","chanson folklorique","folk song"]]},{"c":"嫁","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["prendre mari","mariage","belle-fille"],"en":["marry into","bride"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["よめ","とつ.ぐ","い.く","ゆ.く"],"ex":[["嫁","よめ","belle-fille, épouse","daughter-in-law, bride"],["花嫁","はなよめ","mariée","bride"]]},{"c":"謙","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["modestie","humilité","condescendre"],"en":["self-effacing","humble oneself","condescend","be modest"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["へりくだ.る"],"ex":[["謙虚","けんきょ","modeste, humble","modest, humble"],["謙遜","けんそん","modestie, humilité","modesty, humility"]]},{"c":"后","s":6,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["impératrice","reine","après","derrière"],"en":["empress","queen","after","behind"],"on":["コウ","ゴ"],"kun":["きさき"],"ex":[["皇后","こうごう","impératrice","empress, queen"],["皇太后","こうたいごう","impératrice douairière","empress dowager"]]},{"c":"嘆","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["se lamenter","soupirer","gémir","peine"],"en":["sigh","lament","moan","grieve"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["なげ.く","なげ.かわしい"],"ex":[["嘆き","なげき","lamentation, chagrin","lament, grief"],["嘆願","たんがん","supplication, requête","petition, entreaty"]]},{"c":"菌","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["germe (microbien)","champignon","bactérie"],"en":["germ","fungus","bacteria"],"on":["キン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["細菌","さいきん","bactérie","bacteria"],["菌","きん","champignon, bactérie","fungus, germ"]]},{"c":"鎌","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["faucille","serpe","faux","duper"],"en":["sickle","scythe","trick"],"on":["レン","ケン"],"kun":["かま"],"ex":[["鎌","かま","faucille","sickle"],["鎌倉","かまくら","Kamakura","Kamakura"]]},{"c":"巣","s":11,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["nid","colonie (fous)","ruche","toile (araignée)"],"en":["nest","rookery","hive","cobweb"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["す","す.くう"],"ex":[["巣","す","nid","nest"],["古巣","ふるす","ancien nid, ancien lieu d’attache","old haunt, former workplace"]]},{"c":"泥","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["boue","fange","tenir à","voleur"],"en":["mud","mire","adhere to","be attached to"],"on":["デイ","ナイ","デ","ニ"],"kun":["どろ","なず.む"],"ex":[["泥","どろ","boue","mud"],["泥沼","どろぬま","bourbier, impasse","quagmire"]]},{"c":"頻","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["sans cesse","récurrent","fréquemment"],"en":["repeatedly","recur"],"on":["ヒン"],"kun":["しき.りに"],"ex":[["頻繁","ひんぱん","fréquent, incessant","frequent, incessant"],["頻度","ひんど","fréquence","frequency"]]},{"c":"琴","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["koto","harpe"],"en":["harp","koto"],"on":["キン","ゴン"],"kun":["こと"],"ex":[]},{"c":"班","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["équipe","corps","unité","groupe"],"en":["squad","corps","unit","group"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["首班","しゅはん","chef de gouvernement","head, leader (of a cabinet)"],["班長","はんちょう","chef d’équipe","squad leader, team leader"]]},{"c":"棚","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["étagère","rayon","rebord","support"],"en":["shelf","ledge","rack","mount"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["たな","だな"],"ex":[["棚","たな","étagère, rayon","shelf"],["棚上げ","たなあげ","mise en suspens","shelving, putting on hold"]]},{"c":"潔","s":15,"l":1,"g":5,"fr":["viril","immaculé","pur","clair"],"en":["undefiled","pure","clean","righteous"],"on":["ケツ"],"kun":["いさぎよ.い"],"ex":[["清潔","せいけつ","propre, hygiénique","clean, hygienic"],["簡潔","かんけつ","concis, bref","concise, brief"]]},{"c":"酷","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["cruel","atroce","sévère","injuste"],"en":["cruel","severe","atrocious","unjust"],"on":["コク"],"kun":["ひど.い"],"ex":[["過酷","かこく","rude, sévère","harsh, severe"],["残酷","ざんこく","cruel","cruel, brutal"]]},{"c":"宰","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["directeur","diriger","superviseur","premier ministre"],"en":["superintend","manager","rule"],"on":["サイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["主宰","しゅさい","direction, présidence","presiding, leading"],["宰相","さいしょう","Premier ministre (ancien terme)","prime minister, chancellor"]]},{"c":"廊","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["couloir","hall","tour"],"en":["corridor","hall","tower"],"on":["ロウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["画廊","がろう","galerie d’art","art gallery, picture gallery"],["廊下","ろうか","couloir","corridor, hallway"]]},{"c":"寂","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["solitude","tranquillement","mûr","patiné"],"en":["loneliness","quietly","mellow","mature"],"on":["ジャク","セキ"],"kun":["さび","さび.しい","さび.れる","さみ.しい"],"ex":[["寂","さび","simplicité raffinée (sabi)","sabi, elegant simplicity"],["静寂","せいじゃく","silence, calme","silence, stillness"]]},{"c":"隅","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["coin","recoin"],"en":["corner","nook"],"on":["グウ"],"kun":["すみ"],"ex":[["隅","すみ","coin","corner"],["片隅","かたすみ","recoin, coin","corner, nook"]]},{"c":"偶","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["par hasard","nombre pair","couple","homme et femme"],"en":["accidentally","even number","couple","man &amp; wife"],"on":["グウ"],"kun":["たま"],"ex":[["配偶者","はいぐうしゃ","conjoint","spouse"],["偶然","ぐうぜん","hasard, par hasard","chance, coincidence"]]},{"c":"伏","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["prostré","se courber","s'incliner","tendre (embuscade)"],"en":["prostrated","bend down","bow","cover"],"on":["フク"],"kun":["ふ.せる","ふ.す"],"ex":[["起伏","きふく","ondulation, hauts et bas","undulation, ups and downs"],["伏線","ふくせん","indice annonciateur","foreshadowing"]]},{"c":"灯","s":6,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["lampe","lumière","compteur de lampes"],"en":["lamp","a light","light","counter for lights"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["ひ","ほ","ともしび","とも.す"],"ex":[["灯油","とうゆ","kérosène","kerosene"],["灯台","とうだい","phare","lighthouse"]]},{"c":"辛","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["épicé","amer","piquant","âcre"],"en":["spicy","bitter","hot","acrid"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["から.い","つら.い","づら.い","かのと"],"ex":[["辛口","からくち","sec (goût), mordant","dry (taste), harsh"],["辛うじて","かろうじて","de justesse","barely, narrowly"]]},{"c":"磨","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["polir","moudre","récurer","améliorer"],"en":["grind","polish","scour","improve"],"on":["マ"],"kun":["みが.く","す.る"],"ex":[["磨き","みがき","polissage, perfectionnement","polishing, refinement"],["歯磨き","はみがき","brossage des dents, dentifrice","tooth brushing, toothpaste"]]},{"c":"碁","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["Go"],"en":["Go"],"on":["ゴ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["碁盤","ごばん","goban (plateau de go)","go board"],["碁会所","ごかいしょ","salon de go","go parlor"]]},{"c":"俗","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["vulgaire","coutumes","manières","temporel"],"en":["vulgar","customs","manners","worldliness"],"on":["ゾク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["風俗","ふうぞく","mœurs, coutumes","customs, manners"],["俗に","ぞくに","communément","commonly, popularly"]]},{"c":"漠","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["vague","obscur","désert","vaste"],"en":["vague","obscure","desert","wide"],"on":["バク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["砂漠","さばく","désert","desert"],["漠然","ばくぜん","vague, flou","vague, obscure"]]},{"c":"邪","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["sournois","dépravé","pervers","mauvais"],"en":["wicked","injustice","wrong"],"on":["ジャ"],"kun":["よこし.ま"],"ex":[["邪魔","じゃま","gêne, dérangement","hindrance, nuisance"],["無邪気","むじゃき","innocent, naïf","innocent, naive"]]},{"c":"晶","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["étinceler","cristal","clair"],"en":["sparkle","clear","crystal"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["液晶","えきしょう","cristaux liquides","liquid crystal"],["結晶","けっしょう","cristal, fruit d’efforts","crystal, fruit (of effort)"]]},{"c":"麦","s":7,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["orge","blé"],"en":["barley","wheat"],"on":["バク"],"kun":["むぎ"],"ex":[["麦","むぎ","blé, orge","wheat, barley"],["小麦","こむぎ","blé","wheat"]]},{"c":"墨","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["encre noire","encre de Chine","bâtonnet d'encre","Mexique"],"en":["black ink","India ink","ink stick","Mexico"],"on":["ボク"],"kun":["すみ"],"ex":[["墨","すみ","encre de Chine","ink stick, India ink"],["入れ墨","いれずみ","tatouage","tattoo"]]},{"c":"鎮","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["tranquilliser"],"en":["tranquilize","ancient peace-preservation centers"],"on":["チン"],"kun":["しず.める","しず.まる","おさえ"],"ex":[["鎮圧","ちんあつ","répression, maîtrise","suppression, quelling"],["重鎮","じゅうちん","figure de proue, personnalité influente","leading figure, authority"]]},{"c":"洞","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["antre","grotte","excavation"],"en":["den","cave","excavation"],"on":["ドウ"],"kun":["ほら"],"ex":[["空洞","くうどう","cavité, vide","cavity, hollow"],["洞","ほら","caverne, creux","cave, hollow"]]},{"c":"履","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["chausser","enfiler","chaussures","bottes"],"en":["perform","complete","footgear","shoes"],"on":["リ"],"kun":["は.く"],"ex":[["履行","りこう","exécution d’une obligation","fulfillment, performance"],["履歴書","りれきしょ","curriculum vitæ","résumé, CV"]]},{"c":"劣","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["infériorité","inférieur à","être moins bon que"],"en":["inferiority","be inferior to","be worse"],"on":["レツ"],"kun":["おと.る"],"ex":[["劣勢","れっせい","infériorité","inferiority, disadvantage"],["劣化","れっか","détérioration","deterioration"]]},{"c":"那","s":7,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["what?"],"on":["ナ","ダ"],"kun":["なに","なんぞ","いかん"],"ex":[["旦那","だんな","mari, monsieur","husband, master"],["刹那","せつな","instant, moment","moment, instant"]]},{"c":"殴","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["assaut","attaque","frapper","battre"],"en":["assault","hit","beat","thrash"],"on":["オウ"],"kun":["なぐ.る"],"ex":[["殴る","なぐる","frapper","to hit, to punch"],["殴打","おうだ","coups","beating"]]},{"c":"娠","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["femme enceinte"],"en":["with child","pregnancy"],"on":["シン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["妊娠","にんしん","grossesse","pregnancy"]]},{"c":"奉","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["obéissance","offrande","présent","se consacrer"],"en":["observance","offer","present","dedicate"],"on":["ホウ","ブ"],"kun":["たてまつ.る","まつ.る","ほう.ずる"],"ex":[["奉仕","ほうし","service, dévouement","service, devotion"],["奉行","ぶぎょう","bugyō (magistrat de l’époque d’Edo)","bugyō, Edo-period magistrate"]]},{"c":"憂","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["mélancolie","dépression","chagrin","lamentation"],"en":["melancholy","grieve","lament","be anxious"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":["うれ.える","うれ.い","う.い","う.き"],"ex":[["憂慮","ゆうりょ","inquiétude, préoccupation","concern, anxiety"],["一喜一憂","いっきいちゆう","alterner joie et inquiétude","alternating between joy and worry"]]},{"c":"朴","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["brut","simple","honnête","docile"],"en":["crude","simple","plain","docile"],"on":["ボク"],"kun":["ほう","ほお","えのき"],"ex":[["素朴","そぼく","simple, naturel","simple, unaffected"],["純朴","じゅんぼく","simple et honnête, naïf","simple and honest"]]},{"c":"亭","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["pavillon","restaurant","résidence","tonnelle"],"en":["pavilion","restaurant","mansion","arbor"],"on":["テイ","チン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["料亭","りょうてい","restaurant traditionnel haut de gamme","ryōtei, traditional high-class restaurant"],["亭主","ていしゅ","mari, maître de maison","husband, host"]]},{"c":"姓","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["nom de famille"],"en":["surname"],"on":["セイ","ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["姓","せい","nom de famille","surname, family name"],["旧姓","きゅうせい","nom de jeune fille, ancien nom","maiden name"]]},{"c":"筒","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["cylindre","tuyau","tube","canon (fusil)"],"en":["cylinder","pipe","tube","gun barrel"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["つつ"],"ex":[["封筒","ふうとう","enveloppe","envelope"],["筒","つつ","tube, cylindre","tube, cylinder"]]},{"c":"鼻","s":14,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["nez","museau","groin"],"en":["nose","snout"],"on":["ビ"],"kun":["はな"],"ex":[["鼻","はな","nez","nose"],["鼻息","はないき","souffle du nez","breath through the nose"]]},{"c":"怪","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["méfiant","mystère","apparition"],"en":["suspicious","mystery","apparition"],"on":["カイ","ケ"],"kun":["あや.しい","あや.しむ"],"ex":[["妖怪","ようかい","yōkai, esprit, monstre","yōkai, supernatural creature"],["怪獣","かいじゅう","monstre géant","monster"]]},{"c":"粒","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["grain","goutte","compteur de particules"],"en":["grains","drop","counter for tiny particles"],"on":["リュウ"],"kun":["つぶ"],"ex":[["粒","つぶ","grain, perle","grain, bead"],["粒子","りゅうし","particule","particle"]]},{"c":"詞","s":12,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["partie du discours","mots","poésie"],"en":["part of speech","words","poetry"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["ことば"],"ex":[["歌詞","かし","paroles d’une chanson","lyrics"],["作詞","さくし","écriture de paroles","writing lyrics"]]},{"c":"偉","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["admirable","grandeur","remarquable","vaniteux"],"en":["admirable","greatness","remarkable","conceited"],"on":["イ"],"kun":["えら.い"],"ex":[["偉大","いだい","grand, éminent","great, grand"],["偉業","いぎょう","grande réalisation","great achievement"]]},{"c":"酔","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["ivre","se sentir malade","empoisonné","transporté de joie"],"en":["drunk","feel sick","poisoned","elated"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["よ.う","よ.い","よ"],"ex":[["麻酔","ますい","anesthésie","anesthesia"],["酔い","よい","ivresse, mal des transports","drunkenness, intoxication"]]},{"c":"惜","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["regret","frugal","radin","économe"],"en":["pity","be sparing of","frugal","stingy"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":["お.しい","お.しむ"],"ex":[["惜しむ","おしむ","regretter, ne pas ménager","to regret, to be reluctant to part with"],["惜敗","せきはい","défaite de peu","narrow defeat"]]},{"c":"穫","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["récolte","moisson"],"en":["harvest","reap"],"on":["カク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["収穫","しゅうかく","récolte","harvest"]]},{"c":"佳","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["excellent","beau","bon","plaisant"],"en":["excellent","beautiful","good","pleasing"],"on":["カ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["佳作","かさく","belle œuvre, mention honorable","fine work, honorable mention"],["佳境","かきょう","point culminant","climax, most interesting part"]]},{"c":"潤","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["mouillé","être arrosé","profit","bénéfice"],"en":["wet","be watered","profit by","receive benefits"],"on":["ジュン"],"kun":["うるお.う","うるお.す","うる.む"],"ex":[["潤滑油","じゅんかつゆ","lubrifiant","lubricant"],["利潤","りじゅん","profit, bénéfice","profit"]]},{"c":"悼","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["déplorer","se lamenter","deuil"],"en":["lament","grieve over"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["いた.む"],"ex":[["追悼","ついとう","hommage aux défunts, deuil","mourning, memorial"],["哀悼","あいとう","condoléances, deuil","condolence, mourning"]]},{"c":"乏","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["insuffisant","limité","indigent"],"en":["destitution","scarce","limited"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["とぼ.しい","とも.しい"],"ex":[["貧乏","びんぼう","pauvre, pauvreté","poor, poverty"],["欠乏","けつぼう","manque, pénurie","shortage, deficiency"]]},{"c":"胃","s":9,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["estomac","ventre","jabot"],"en":["stomach","paunch","crop","craw"],"on":["イ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["胃","い","estomac","stomach"],["胃腸","いちょう","estomac et intestins","stomach and intestines"]]},{"c":"該","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["ci-dessus","le dit","concerné","la chose en question"],"en":["above-stated","the said","that specific"],"on":["ガイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["該当","がいとう","correspondre à, concerné","applicable, corresponding to"],["当該","とうがい","concerné, en question","relevant, in question"]]},{"c":"赴","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["se rendre à","aller","devenir","se diriger vers"],"en":["proceed","get","become","tend"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["おもむ.く"],"ex":[["赴任","ふにん","prise de poste dans une nouvelle affectation","taking up a new post"],["赴く","おもむく","se rendre à, aller vers","to go to, to head toward"]]},{"c":"桑","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["mûrier"],"en":["mulberry"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["くわ"],"ex":[["桑","くわ","mûrier","mulberry"],["桑畑","くわばたけ","champ de mûriers","mulberry field, mulberry plantation"]]},{"c":"髄","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["moelle","quintessence"],"en":["marrow","pith","essence"],"on":["ズイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["神髄","しんずい","essence, quintessence","essence"],["髄膜炎","ずいまくえん","méningite","meningitis"]]},{"c":"虎","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["tigre","ivrogne"],"en":["tiger","drunkard"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["とら"],"ex":[["虎","とら","tigre","tiger"]]},{"c":"盆","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["bassin","fête des lanternes (oBon)","plateau"],"en":["basin","lantern festival","tray"],"on":["ボン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["盆","ぼん","plateau, fête d’Obon","tray, Obon festival"],["盆栽","ぼんさい","bonsaï","bonsai, miniature potted plant"]]},{"c":"穂","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["épi","pointe","crête (vague)"],"en":["ear","ear (grain)","head","crest (wave)"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["ほ"],"ex":[["穂","ほ","épi","ear (of grain)"],["稲穂","いなほ","épi de riz","ear of rice"]]},{"c":"壮","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["robuste","âge d'homme","prospérité"],"en":["robust","manhood","prosperity"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["さかん"],"ex":[["壮大","そうだい","grandiose, magnifique","grand, magnificent"],["悲壮","ひそう","héroïque et tragique","tragic yet heroic"]]},{"c":"堤","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["digue","berge","rive"],"en":["dike","bank","embankment"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":["つつみ"],"ex":[["堤","つつみ","digue, talus","embankment, dike"],["堤防","ていぼう","digue","levee, embankment"]]},{"c":"飢","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["faim","famine"],"en":["hungry","starve"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["う.える"],"ex":[["飢餓","きが","famine, faim","starvation, famine"],["飢え","うえ","faim","hunger"]]},{"c":"傍","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["observateur","spectateur","à côté","en outre"],"en":["bystander","side","besides","while"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["かたわ.ら","わき","おか","はた"],"ex":[["傍聴","ぼうちょう","assister à une séance en auditeur","attending as an observer"],["傍ら","かたわら","à côté, tout en","beside, while also"]]},{"c":"疫","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["épidémie"],"en":["epidemic"],"on":["エキ","ヤク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["免疫","めんえき","immunité","immunity"],["検疫","けんえき","quarantaine sanitaire","quarantine inspection"]]},{"c":"累","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["amasser","implication","ennuis","liens"],"en":["accumulate","involvement","trouble","tie up"],"on":["ルイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["累積","るいせき","cumul, accumulation","accumulation"],["累計","るいけい","total cumulé","cumulative total"]]},{"c":"痴","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["idiot","stupide"],"en":["stupid","foolish"],"on":["チ"],"kun":["し.れる","おろか"],"ex":[["愚痴","ぐち","plainte, lamentation","grumbling, complaint"],["音痴","おんち","personne qui chante faux","tone-deaf person"]]},{"c":"搬","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["transporteur","transporter"],"en":["conveyor","carry","transport"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["運搬","うんぱん","transport de marchandises","transport, carrying"],["搬入","はんにゅう","livraison, apport de marchandises","carrying in"]]},{"c":"畳","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["tatami","compteur de tatamis","surface : 182 cm x 91 cm","replier"],"en":["tatami mat","counter for tatami mats","fold","shut up"],"on":["ジョウ","チョウ"],"kun":["たた.む","たたみ","かさ.なる"],"ex":[["四畳半","よじょうはん","pièce de quatre tatamis et demi","four-and-a-half-mat room"],["石畳","いしだたみ","dallage en pierre","stone pavement"]]},{"c":"癒","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["guérison","guérir","désaltérer","assouvir"],"en":["healing","cure","quench (thirst)","wreak"],"on":["ユ"],"kun":["い.える","いや.す","い.やす"],"ex":[["癒着","ゆちゃく","adhérence, collusion","adhesion, collusion"],["治癒","ちゆ","guérison","healing, cure"]]},{"c":"寸","s":3,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["dimension","un peu","sun = 3,03 cm (1/10 de shaku)"],"en":["measurement","tenth of a shaku","a little","small"],"on":["スン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["寸前","すんぜん","juste avant, à deux doigts de","just before, on the verge of"],["寸法","すんぽう","dimensions, mesures","measurements, size"]]},{"c":"郭","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["enceinte","quartiers","fortifications","quartier chaud"],"en":["enclosure","quarters","fortification","red-light district"],"on":["カク"],"kun":["くるわ"],"ex":[["外郭団体","がいかくだんたい","organisme rattaché à une administration","affiliated organization"],["輪郭","りんかく","contour, silhouette","outline, contour"]]},{"c":"机","s":6,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["bureau","table"],"en":["desk","table"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["つくえ"],"ex":[["机","つくえ","bureau (meuble)","desk"],["机上","きじょう","sur le bureau, théorique","on the desk, theoretical"]]},{"c":"尿","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["urine"],"en":["urine"],"on":["ニョウ"],"kun":["ゆばり","いばり","しと"],"ex":[["糖尿病","とうにょうびょう","diabète","diabetes"],["尿","にょう","urine","urine"]]},{"c":"凶","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["vaurien","mauvais","malchance","désastre"],"en":["villain","evil","bad luck","disaster"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["凶作","きょうさく","mauvaise récolte","bad harvest"],["凶悪","きょうあく","atroce, cruel","heinous, atrocious"]]},{"c":"吐","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["cracher","vomir","roter","avouer"],"en":["spit","vomit","belch","confess"],"on":["ト"],"kun":["は.く","つ.く"],"ex":[["吐き気","はきけ","nausée","nausea"],["吐露","とろ","confidence, épanchement","expressing one’s feelings"]]},{"c":"宴","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["banquet","fête","réception (party)","repos"],"en":["banquet","feast","party"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["うたげ"],"ex":[["宴","うたげ","banquet, fête","banquet, party"],["宴会","えんかい","banquet, soirée","banquet, party"]]},{"c":"賓","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["V.I.P","hôte","invité d'honneur"],"en":["V.I.P.","guest"],"on":["ヒン"],"kun":["まろうど","したがう"],"ex":[["迎賓館","げいひんかん","maison d’hôtes d’État","state guest house"],["国賓","こくひん","invité d’État","state guest"]]},{"c":"虜","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["captif","esclave","barbare","épithète péjorative pour l'ennemi"],"en":["captive","barbarian","low epithet for the enemy"],"on":["リョ","ロ"],"kun":["とりこ","とりく"],"ex":[["捕虜","ほりょ","prisonnier de guerre","prisoner, POW"],["虜","とりこ","prisonnier, captif","captive, slave to (a passion)"]]},{"c":"膚","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["peau","corps","grain","texture"],"en":["skin","body","grain","texture"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["はだ"],"ex":[["皮膚","ひふ","peau","skin"],["皮膚科","ひふか","dermatologie","dermatology"]]},{"c":"陶","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["poterie","porcelaine"],"en":["pottery","porcelain"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["すえ"],"ex":[["陶芸","とうげい","céramique (art)","ceramics, pottery art"],["陶器","とうき","poterie, faïence","pottery, earthenware"]]},{"c":"鐘","s":20,"l":1,"fr":["cloche","gong","carillon"],"en":["bell","gong","chimes"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["かね"],"ex":[["鐘","かね","cloche","bell"],["警鐘","けいしょう","alarme, signal d’alerte","alarm bell, warning"]]},{"c":"憾","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["remords","regrets","être désolé","maudire"],"en":["remorse","regret","be sorry"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["うら.む"],"ex":[["遺憾","いかん","regrettable","regrettable"]]},{"c":"畿","s":15,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["capital","suburbs of capital"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["みやこ"],"ex":[["近畿","きんき","Kinki (région du Kansai)","Kinki region"],["畿内","きない","Kinai (anciennes provinces autour de Kyoto)","Kinai, home provinces"]]},{"c":"磁","s":14,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["aimant","porcelaine"],"en":["magnet","porcelain"],"on":["ジ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["磁気","じき","magnétisme","magnetism"],["磁石","じしゃく","aimant, boussole","magnet, compass"]]},{"c":"弥","s":8,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["all the more","increasingly"],"on":["ミ","ビ"],"kun":["や","いや","いよ.いよ","わた.る"],"ex":[["弥生","やよい","période Yayoi, mars","Yayoi period, March"]]},{"c":"昆","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["descendant","frère ainé","insecte"],"en":["descendants","elder brother","insect"],"on":["コン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["昆虫","こんちゅう","insecte","insect, bug"],["昆布","こんぶ","kombu (algue)","kombu, kelp"]]},{"c":"粗","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["grossier","rude"],"en":["coarse","rough","rugged"],"on":["ソ"],"kun":["あら.い","あら"],"ex":[["粗末","そまつ","grossier, de piètre qualité","crude, poor"],["粗鋼","そこう","acier brut","crude steel"]]},{"c":"訂","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["réviser","corriger","décider"],"en":["revise","correct","decide"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":["ただ.す"],"ex":[["訂正","ていせい","correction","correction"],["改訂","かいてい","révision d’un texte","revision"]]},{"c":"芽","s":8,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["bourgeon","pousse","brin","germe"],"en":["bud","sprout","spear","germ"],"on":["ガ"],"kun":["め"],"ex":[["芽","め","bourgeon, pousse","bud, sprout"],["芽生える","めばえる","germer, naître","to sprout, to emerge"]]},{"c":"尻","s":5,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["buttocks","hips","butt","rear"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["しり"],"ex":[["尻","しり","fesses, arrière","buttocks, rear"],["尻尾","しっぽ","queue d’animal","tail"]]},{"c":"傘","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["parapluie"],"en":["umbrella"],"on":["サン"],"kun":["かさ"],"ex":[["傘下","さんか","sous l’égide de, affilié à","under the umbrella of, affiliated"],["傘","かさ","parapluie","umbrella"]]},{"c":"騎","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["cavalier","monter à cheval","compteur de cavaliers"],"en":["equestrian","riding on horses","counter for equestrians"],"on":["キ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["騎手","きしゅ","jockey, cavalier","jockey, rider"],["一騎打ち","いっきうち","duel, combat singulier","one-on-one fight"]]},{"c":"寧","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["plutôt","de préférence","paisible"],"en":["rather","preferably","peaceful","quiet"],"on":["ネイ"],"kun":["むし.ろ"],"ex":[["丁寧","ていねい","poli, soigneux","polite, careful"],["寧ろ","むしろ","plutôt","rather, instead"]]},{"c":"濯","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["lessive","laver","rincer","verser"],"en":["laundry","wash","pour on","rinse"],"on":["タク"],"kun":["すす.ぐ","ゆす.ぐ"],"ex":[["洗濯","せんたく","lessive, lavage","laundry, washing"],["洗濯機","せんたくき","machine à laver","washing machine"]]},{"c":"循","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["cycle","circulation","camarade"],"en":["sequential","follow"],"on":["ジュン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["循環","じゅんかん","circulation, cycle","circulation, cycle"],["悪循環","あくじゅんかん","cercle vicieux","vicious circle"]]},{"c":"忍","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["supporter","endurer","dissimuler","cacher"],"en":["endure","bear","put up with","conceal"],"on":["ニン"],"kun":["しの.ぶ","しの.ばせる"],"ex":[["忍耐","にんたい","patience, endurance","patience, endurance"],["忍者","にんじゃ","ninja","ninja"]]},{"c":"猫","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["chat"],"en":["cat"],"on":["ビョウ"],"kun":["ねこ"],"ex":[["猫","ねこ","chat","cat"],["子猫","こねこ","chaton","kitten"]]},{"c":"怠","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["négligence","paresse"],"en":["neglect","laziness"],"on":["タイ"],"kun":["おこた.る","なま.ける"],"ex":[["怠慢","たいまん","négligence","negligence"],["怠る","おこたる","négliger, se relâcher","to neglect, to be lax"]]},{"c":"如","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["ressemblance","comme","comme si","mieux"],"en":["likeness","like","such as","as if"],"on":["ジョ","ニョ"],"kun":["ごと.し"],"ex":[["欠如","けつじょ","manque, absence","lack, absence"],["如実","にょじつ","fidèle à la réalité, nettement","faithfully, vividly"]]},{"c":"寮","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["dortoir","foyer","pavillon","pavillon de thé"],"en":["dormitory","hostel","villa","tea pavillion"],"on":["リョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["寮","りょう","foyer, dortoir","dormitory"],["寮生","りょうせい","résident d’un foyer","dormitory resident"]]},{"c":"塔","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["pagode","tour","clocher"],"en":["pagoda","tower","steeple"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["塔","とう","tour, pagode","tower, pagoda"],["管制塔","かんせいとう","tour de contrôle","control tower"]]},{"c":"沸","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["bouillonner","bouillir","fermenter","exciter"],"en":["seethe","boil","ferment","uproar"],"on":["フツ"],"kun":["わ.く","わ.かす"],"ex":[["沸騰","ふっとう","ébullition","boiling"],["沸かす","わかす","faire bouillir, chauffer","to boil, to heat"]]},{"c":"鉛","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["plomb"],"en":["lead"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["なまり"],"ex":[["鉛筆","えんぴつ","crayon","pencil"],["鉛","なまり","plomb","lead"]]},{"c":"珠","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["perle","gemme","joyau"],"en":["pearl","gem","jewel"],"on":["シュ"],"kun":["たま"],"ex":[["真珠","しんじゅ","perle","pearl"],["数珠","じゅず","chapelet bouddhique","prayer beads"]]},{"c":"凝","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["congeler","geler","rigide","être absorbé"],"en":["congeal","freeze","stiff","be absorbed in"],"on":["ギョウ"],"kun":["こ.る","こ.らす","こご.らす","こご.らせる"],"ex":[["凝縮","ぎょうしゅく","condensation, concentration","condensation"],["凝った","こった","recherché, élaboré","elaborate, sophisticated"]]},{"c":"苗","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["plant","jeune arbre","bourgeon"],"en":["seedling","sapling","shoot"],"on":["ビョウ","ミョウ"],"kun":["なえ","なわ"],"ex":[["苗","なえ","jeune plant","seedling"],["苗木","なえぎ","jeune arbre, plant","sapling"]]},{"c":"獣","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["bête","animal"],"en":["animal","beast"],"on":["ジュウ"],"kun":["けもの","けだもの"],"ex":[["獣医","じゅうい","vétérinaire","veterinarian"],["怪獣","かいじゅう","monstre géant","monster"]]},{"c":"哀","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["pitoyable","peine","chagrin","pitié"],"en":["pathetic","grief","sorrow","pathos"],"on":["アイ"],"kun":["あわ.れ","あわ.れむ","かな.しい"],"ex":[["哀悼","あいとう","condoléances, deuil","condolence, mourning"],["悲哀","ひあい","tristesse, chagrin","sorrow, sadness"]]},{"c":"跳","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["sauter","bondir","caracoler","ruer (cheval)"],"en":["hop","leap up","spring","jerk"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["は.ねる","と.ぶ","と.び"],"ex":[["跳ぶ","とぶ","sauter, bondir","to jump, to leap"],["跳躍","ちょうやく","saut, bond","jump, leap"]]},{"c":"灰","s":6,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["cendre","lessive","incinéré"],"en":["ashes","puckery juice","cremate"],"on":["カイ"],"kun":["はい"],"ex":[["灰色","はいいろ","gris","gray"],["火山灰","かざんばい","cendre volcanique","volcanic ash"]]},{"c":"匠","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["artisan","ouvrier","charpentier"],"en":["artisan","workman","carpenter"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["たくみ"],"ex":[["師匠","ししょう","maître, professeur","master, teacher"],["巨匠","きょしょう","grand maître","great master"]]},{"c":"菓","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["friandise","gâteau","fruit"],"en":["candy","cakes","fruit"],"on":["カ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["菓子","かし","confiserie, gâteau","confectionery, sweets"],["和菓子","わがし","pâtisserie japonaise","Japanese sweets"]]},{"c":"垂","s":8,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["pendre","suspendre","tomber","être avachi"],"en":["droop","suspend","hang","slouch"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["た.れる","た.らす","た.れ","た.れ"],"ex":[["垂直","すいちょく","vertical, perpendiculaire","vertical, perpendicular"],["垂れ幕","たれまく","banderole, calicot","hanging banner"]]},{"c":"蛇","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["serpent","gros buveur"],"en":["snake","serpent","hard drinker"],"on":["ジャ","ダ","イ","ヤ"],"kun":["へび"],"ex":[["蛇","へび","serpent","snake"],["蛇口","じゃぐち","robinet","faucet, tap"]]},{"c":"澄","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["limpide","clair","clarifier","lucidité"],"en":["lucidity","be clear","clear","clarify"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["す.む","す.ます","す.ます"],"ex":[["澄む","すむ","devenir limpide, s’éclaircir","to become clear"],["澄み切る","すみきる","être parfaitement limpide","to be perfectly clear"]]},{"c":"縫","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["coudre","suturer","broder"],"en":["sew","stitch","embroider"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["ぬ.う"],"ex":[["縫製","ほうせい","couture, confection","sewing, garment making"],["縫う","ぬう","coudre","to sew"]]},{"c":"僧","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["prêtre bouddhiste","moine"],"en":["Buddhist priest","monk"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["僧","そう","moine bouddhiste","Buddhist monk"],["小僧","こぞう","jeune moine, gamin","young monk, kid"]]},{"c":"幾","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["combien","quel","quelques"],"en":["how many","how much","how far","how long"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["いく","いく.つ","いく.ら"],"ex":[["幾つ","いくつ","combien, quel âge","how many, how old"],["幾何学","きかがく","géométrie","geometry"]]},{"c":"眺","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["dévisager","regarder","voir","fixer"],"en":["stare","watch","look at","see"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["なが.める"],"ex":[["眺める","ながめる","contempler, regarder","to gaze at, to look over"],["眺め","ながめ","vue, panorama","view, scenery"]]},{"c":"唐","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["T'ang","Chine"],"en":["T'ang","China","foreign"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["から"],"ex":[["唐突","とうとつ","brusque, soudain","abrupt, sudden"],["唐","とう","Tang (Chine ancienne)","Tang, China"]]},{"c":"呉","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["tu me donnes","faire pour moi"],"en":["give","do something for","kingdom of Wu"],"on":["ゴ"],"kun":["く.れる","くれ"],"ex":[["呉服","ごふく","tissu pour kimono","kimono fabric"],["呉越同舟","ごえつどうしゅう","ennemis dans le même bateau","enemies in the same boat"]]},{"c":"凡","s":3,"l":1,"fr":["médiocre"],"en":["commonplace","ordinary","mediocre"],"on":["ボン","ハン"],"kun":["およ.そ","おうよ.そ","すべ.て"],"ex":[["凡人","ぼんじん","personne ordinaire","ordinary person"],["平凡","へいぼん","ordinaire, banal","ordinary, commonplace"]]},{"c":"憩","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["vacances","repos","détente","relaxation"],"en":["recess","rest","relax","repose"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["いこ.い","いこ.う"],"ex":[["休憩","きゅうけい","pause, repos","break, rest"],["憩い","いこい","repos, détente","rest, relaxation"]]},{"c":"媛","s":12,"l":1,"g":4,"fr":["belle femme","princesse"],"en":["beautiful woman","princess"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["ひめ"],"ex":[]},{"c":"溝","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["rigole","fossé","égout","10**32"],"en":["gutter","ditch","sewer","drain"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["みぞ"],"ex":[["溝","みぞ","fossé, rigole, fossé entre les gens","ditch, gap"],["側溝","そっこう","caniveau, fossé de bord de route","gutter, side ditch"]]},{"c":"恭","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["respectueux"],"en":["respect","reverent"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["うやうや.しい"],"ex":[]},{"c":"刈","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["moissonner","faucher","tondre","tailler"],"en":["reap","cut","clip","trim"],"on":["ガイ","カイ"],"kun":["か.る"],"ex":[["丸刈り","まるがり","coupe rasée","buzz cut, close crop"],["刈る","かる","tondre, faucher","to mow, to reap"]]},{"c":"睡","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["ensommeillé","dormir","mourir"],"en":["drowsy","sleep","die"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["ねむ.る","ねむ.い"],"ex":[["睡眠","すいみん","sommeil","sleep"],["一睡","いっすい","un instant de sommeil","a wink of sleep"]]},{"c":"錯","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["embrouillé","confus","complexe","mélange"],"en":["confused","mix","be in disorder"],"on":["サク","シャク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["試行錯誤","しこうさくご","essais et erreurs","trial and error"],["錯覚","さっかく","illusion, erreur de perception","illusion, misperception"]]},{"c":"伯","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["chef","comte","oncle","Brésil"],"en":["chief","count","earl","uncle"],"on":["ハク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["伯爵","はくしゃく","comte","count, earl"],["画伯","がはく","maître peintre","master painter"]]},{"c":"帽","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["casquette","couvre-chef"],"en":["cap","headgear"],"on":["ボウ","モウ"],"kun":["ずきん","おお.う"],"ex":[["帽子","ぼうし","chapeau, casquette","hat, cap"],["脱帽","だつぼう","ôter son chapeau par admiration","taking off one’s hat, admiration"]]},{"c":"穀","s":14,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["céréale","grains"],"en":["cereals","grain"],"on":["コク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["穀物","こくもつ","céréales","grain, cereals"],["米穀","べいこく","riz et céréales","rice and grains"]]},{"c":"柿","s":9,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["persimmon"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["かき"],"ex":[["柿","かき","kaki (fruit)","persimmon"],["渋柿","しぶがき","kaki astringent","astringent persimmon"]]},{"c":"陵","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["mausolée","tombe impériale"],"en":["mausoleum","imperial tomb","mound","hill"],"on":["リョウ"],"kun":["みささぎ"],"ex":[["陵","りょう","tombeau impérial","imperial tomb, mausoleum"],["丘陵","きゅうりょう","collines","hills"]]},{"c":"霧","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["brouillard","brume"],"en":["fog","mist"],"on":["ム","ボウ","ブ"],"kun":["きり"],"ex":[["霧","きり","brouillard","fog, mist"],["濃霧","のうむ","brouillard épais","dense fog"]]},{"c":"魂","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["âme","esprit"],"en":["soul","spirit"],"on":["コン"],"kun":["たましい","たま"],"ex":[["魂","たましい","âme, esprit","soul, spirit"],["鎮魂","ちんこん","apaisement des âmes","repose of souls"]]},{"c":"枯","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["dépérir","mourir","se faner","sec (bois)"],"en":["wither","die","dry up","be seasoned"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["か.れる","か.らす"],"ex":[["枯れる","かれる","se faner, se dessécher","to wither, to dry up"],["枯れ葉","かれは","feuille morte","dead leaf"]]},{"c":"弊","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["mal","abus","vice","impropre à tout usage"],"en":["abuse","evil","vice","breakage"],"on":["ヘイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["弊害","へいがい","effet néfaste, inconvénient","harmful effect"],["疲弊","ひへい","épuisement, appauvrissement","exhaustion, impoverishment"]]},{"c":"妃","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["reine","princesse"],"en":["queen","princess"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["きさき"],"ex":[["王妃","おうひ","reine, princesse consort","queen, queen consort"],["皇太子妃","こうたいしひ","princesse héritière","crown princess"]]},{"c":"舶","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["paquebot","bateau"],"en":["liner","ship"],"on":["ハク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["船舶","せんぱく","navire, bâtiment","ship, vessel"],["舶来","はくらい","importé de l’étranger","imported"]]},{"c":"餓","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["famine","faim","soif"],"en":["starve","hungry","thirst"],"on":["ガ"],"kun":["う.える"],"ex":[["飢餓","きが","famine, faim","starvation, famine"],["餓死","がし","mort de faim","starvation, death by hunger"]]},{"c":"腎","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["kidney"],"on":["ジン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["腎臓","じんぞう","rein","kidney"],["腎不全","じんふぜん","insuffisance rénale","kidney failure"]]},{"c":"窮","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["extrêmement","indigent","fauché","souffrir"],"en":["hard up","destitute","suffer","perplexed"],"on":["キュウ","キョウ"],"kun":["きわ.める","きわ.まる","きわ.まり","きわ.み"],"ex":[["窮地","きゅうち","situation désespérée","predicament"],["窮状","きゅうじょう","détresse, situation misérable","plight, distress"]]},{"c":"掌","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["paume","manipuler","administrer","diriger"],"en":["palm of hand","rule","administer","conduct"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["てのひら","たなごころ"],"ex":[["車掌","しゃしょう","contrôleur (train, bus)","conductor"],["掌握","しょうあく","maîtrise, contrôle","grasp, control"]]},{"c":"麗","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["charmant","beau","belle","jolie"],"en":["lovely","beautiful","graceful","resplendent"],"on":["レイ"],"kun":["うるわ.しい","うら.らか"],"ex":[["華麗","かれい","splendide, somptueux","gorgeous, splendid"],["流麗","りゅうれい","fluide, élégant","flowing, elegant"]]},{"c":"臭","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["sentir mauvais","malodorant","odeur","saveur"],"en":["stinking","ill-smelling","suspicious looking","odor"],"on":["シュウ"],"kun":["くさ.い","くさ.い","にお.う","にお.い"],"ex":[["悪臭","あくしゅう","mauvaise odeur, puanteur","stench, bad smell"],["口臭","こうしゅう","mauvaise haleine","bad breath"]]},{"c":"釜","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["kettle","cauldron","iron pot"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["かま"],"ex":[["釜","かま","marmite, chaudron","kettle, cauldron"]]},{"c":"悦","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["extase","joie","ravissement"],"en":["ecstasy","joy","rapture"],"on":["エツ"],"kun":["よろこ.ぶ","よろこ.ばす"],"ex":[["満悦","まんえつ","grande satisfaction","great delight"]]},{"c":"刃","s":3,"l":1,"fr":["lame","épée","fil (épée)"],"en":["blade","sword","edge"],"on":["ジン","ニン"],"kun":["は","やいば","き.る"],"ex":[["刃物","はもの","objet tranchant, couteau","bladed tool, knife"],["刃","は","lame, tranchant","blade"]]},{"c":"縛","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["ficeler","lier","attacher","arrêts"],"en":["truss","arrest","bind","tie"],"on":["バク"],"kun":["しば.る"],"ex":[["縛る","しばる","attacher, ligoter","to tie, to bind"],["縛り首","しばりくび","pendaison","hanging"]]},{"c":"暦","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["calendrier","almanach"],"en":["calendar","almanac"],"on":["レキ","リャク"],"kun":["こよみ"],"ex":[["暦","こよみ","calendrier","calendar"],["西暦","せいれき","calendrier grégorien, ère chrétienne","Western calendar, AD"]]},{"c":"宜","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["convenable","bon","mes amitiés!"],"en":["best regards","good"],"on":["ギ"],"kun":["よろ.しい","よろ.しく"],"ex":[["便宜","べんぎ","commodité, facilité","convenience, accommodation"],["時宜","じぎ","moment opportun","right moment"]]},{"c":"盲","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["aveugle","ignorant"],"en":["blind","blind man","ignoramus"],"on":["モウ"],"kun":["めくら"],"ex":[["盲導犬","もうどうけん","chien guide d’aveugle","guide dog"],["盲人","もうじん","aveugle","blind person"]]},{"c":"粋","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["élégance","chic","style","pureté"],"en":["chic","style","purity","essence"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["いき"],"ex":[["純粋","じゅんすい","pur, véritable","pure, true"],["粋","いき","chic, raffiné","stylish, chic"]]},{"c":"辱","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["humilier","embarrasser","déshonorer"],"en":["embarrass","humiliate","shame"],"on":["ジョク"],"kun":["はずかし.める"],"ex":[["屈辱","くつじょく","humiliation","humiliation"],["雪辱","せつじょく","revanche, réhabilitation","revenge, redemption"]]},{"c":"轄","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["contrôle","cale (coin)"],"en":["control","wedge"],"on":["カツ"],"kun":["くさび"],"ex":[["管轄","かんかつ","juridiction, compétence","jurisdiction"],["直轄","ちょっかつ","sous contrôle direct","direct control"]]},{"c":"猿","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["singe"],"en":["monkey"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["さる"],"ex":[["猿","さる","singe","monkey"],["犬猿の仲","けんえんのなか","comme chien et chat","like cats and dogs"]]},{"c":"弦","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["corde d'arc","corde","hypoténuse"],"en":["bowstring","chord","hypotenuse"],"on":["ゲン"],"kun":["つる"],"ex":[["弦楽","げんがく","musique pour cordes","string music"],["弦","つる","corde d’instrument, arc","string, bowstring"]]},{"c":"窒","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["obstruer","suffoquer","azote"],"en":["plug up","obstruct"],"on":["チツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["窒素","ちっそ","azote","nitrogen"],["窒息","ちっそく","asphyxie, étouffement","suffocation"]]},{"c":"炊","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["cuisiner","cuire"],"en":["cook","boil"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["た.く","だ.き"],"ex":[["炊飯器","すいはんき","cuiseur à riz","rice cooker"],["炊事","すいじ","cuisine, préparation des repas","cooking, kitchen work"]]},{"c":"洪","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["inondation","déluge","vaste"],"en":["deluge","flood","vast"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["洪水","こうずい","inondation, crue","flood"]]},{"c":"摂","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["substitut","remplaçant","prendre (ingérer)","faire simultanément"],"en":["vicarious","surrogate","act in addition to","take in"],"on":["セツ","ショウ"],"kun":["おさ.める","かね.る","と.る"],"ex":[["摂取","せっしゅ","absorption, apport (nutriments)","intake, ingestion"],["摂理","せつり","providence","providence"]]},{"c":"飽","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["saturé","fatigué","lassé","rassasié"],"en":["sated","tired of","bored","satiate"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["あ.きる","あ.かす","あ.く"],"ex":[["飽和","ほうわ","saturation","saturation"],["飽食","ほうしょく","abondance de nourriture","satiety, abundance of food"]]},{"c":"冗","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["superflu","inutile"],"en":["superfluous","uselessness"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["冗談","じょうだん","plaisanterie, blague","joke"],["冗舌","じょうぜつ","volubilité, bavardage","talkativeness"]]},{"c":"涼","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["rafraîchissant","frais"],"en":["refreshing","nice and cool"],"on":["リョウ"],"kun":["すず.しい","すず.む","すず.やか","うす.い"],"ex":[["清涼","せいりょう","frais, rafraîchissant","cool, refreshing"],["涼風","すずかぜ","brise fraîche","cool breeze"]]},{"c":"桃","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["pêche (fruit)"],"en":["peach"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["もも"],"ex":[["桃","もも","pêche (fruit)","peach"],["桃色","ももいろ","rose pêche","pink"]]},{"c":"狩","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["chasse","poursuivre","ramasser"],"en":["hunt","raid","gather"],"on":["シュ"],"kun":["か.る","か.り","が.り"],"ex":[["狩り","かり","chasse, cueillette","hunting"],["狩猟","しゅりょう","chasse","hunting"]]},{"c":"舟","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["bateau","vaisseau"],"en":["boat","ship"],"on":["シュウ"],"kun":["ふね","ふな","ぶね"],"ex":[["小舟","こぶね","petit bateau, barque","small boat"],["助け舟","たすけぶね","aide providentielle","helping hand, rescue boat"]]},{"c":"貝","s":7,"l":1,"g":1,"fr":["coquillage"],"en":["shellfish"],"on":["バイ"],"kun":["かい"],"ex":[["貝","かい","coquillage","shellfish, shell"],["貝殻","かいがら","coquille","seashell"]]},{"c":"朱","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["vermillon","rouge","écarlate","sanglant"],"en":["vermilion","cinnabar","scarlet","red"],"on":["シュ"],"kun":["あけ"],"ex":[["朱印","しゅいん","sceau rouge","red seal"]]},{"c":"渦","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["tourbillon","remous","vortex"],"en":["whirlpool","eddy","vortex"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["うず"],"ex":[["渦","うず","tourbillon","whirlpool"],["渦中","かちゅう","au cœur de, en plein tourbillon","in the midst of"]]},{"c":"紳","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["gentilhomme","seigneur","écharpe de chevalier"],"en":["sire","good belt","gentleman"],"on":["シン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["紳士","しんし","gentleman","gentleman"],["紳士協定","しんしきょうてい","accord tacite entre gentlemen","gentlemen’s agreement"]]},{"c":"枢","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["pivot","charnière","porte"],"en":["hinge","pivot","door","center of things"],"on":["スウ","シュ"],"kun":["とぼそ","からくり"],"ex":[["中枢","ちゅうすう","centre, noyau","center, nucleus"],["枢軸","すうじく","axe, pivot","axis, pivot"]]},{"c":"碑","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["pierre tombale","monument"],"en":["tombstone","monument"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["いしぶみ"],"ex":[["碑","いしぶみ","stèle","stele, monument"],["記念碑","きねんひ","monument commémoratif","monument"]]},{"c":"鍛","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["former","discipliner","entraîner"],"en":["forge","discipline","train"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["きた.える"],"ex":[["鍛える","きたえる","forger, entraîner","to forge, to train"],["鍛錬","たんれん","entraînement rigoureux, trempe","rigorous training"]]},{"c":"刀","s":2,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["épée","sabre","couteau"],"en":["sword","saber","knife"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":["かたな","そり"],"ex":[["刀","かたな","sabre","sword"],["宝刀","ほうとう","épée précieuse","treasured sword"]]},{"c":"鼓","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["tambour","battement","encourager","appel (armée)"],"en":["drum","beat","rouse","muster"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["つづみ"],"ex":[["太鼓","たいこ","tambour","drum"],["鼓舞","こぶ","encouragement, stimulation","inspiration, encouragement"]]},{"c":"裸","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["nudité","nu","découvert","partiellement habillé"],"en":["naked","nude","uncovered","partially clothed"],"on":["ラ"],"kun":["はだか"],"ex":[["裸","はだか","nu","naked"],["全裸","ぜんら","complètement nu","completely naked"]]},{"c":"符","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["marque","signe","compte","amulette"],"en":["token","sign","mark","tally"],"on":["フ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["終止符","しゅうしふ","point final","full stop, end"],["切符","きっぷ","billet, ticket","ticket"]]},{"c":"猶","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["en outre","de plus","encore"],"en":["furthermore","still","yet"],"on":["ユウ","ユ"],"kun":["なお"],"ex":[["猶予","ゆうよ","sursis, délai","postponement, grace period"],["執行猶予","しっこうゆうよ","sursis (peine avec sursis)","suspended sentence"]]},{"c":"塊","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["motte","caillot","masse"],"en":["clod","lump","chunk","clot"],"on":["カイ","ケ"],"kun":["かたまり","つちくれ"],"ex":[["塊","かたまり","bloc, masse","lump, mass"],["団塊","だんかい","masse, génération du baby-boom","lump, baby boom generation"]]},{"c":"旋","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["rotation","révolution"],"en":["rotation","go around"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["め.ぐる","いばり"],"ex":[["旋風","せんぷう","tourbillon, sensation","whirlwind, sensation"],["旋律","せんりつ","mélodie","melody"]]},{"c":"弓","s":3,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["arc","archet"],"en":["bow","bow (archery, violin)"],"on":["キュウ"],"kun":["ゆみ"],"ex":[["弓","ゆみ","arc, archet","bow"],["洋弓","ようきゅう","tir à l’arc","archery"]]},{"c":"幣","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["espèces (argent)","mauvaise habitude","préfixe humble","don"],"en":["cash","bad habit","humble prefix","gift"],"on":["ヘイ"],"kun":["ぬさ"],"ex":[["紙幣","しへい","billet de banque","banknote"],["貨幣","かへい","monnaie","currency, coin"]]},{"c":"膜","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["membrane"],"en":["membrane"],"on":["マク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["膜","まく","membrane, pellicule","membrane, film"],["網膜","もうまく","rétine","retina"]]},{"c":"扇","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["ventilateur","éventail"],"en":["fan","folding fan"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["おうぎ"],"ex":[["扇","おうぎ","éventail pliant","folding fan"],["扇風機","せんぷうき","ventilateur","electric fan"]]},{"c":"脇","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["flanc","aisselle","de côté (regard)","ailleurs (regard)"],"en":["armpit","the other way","another place","flank"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["わき","わけ"],"ex":[["関脇","せきわけ","sekiwake (rang de sumo)","sekiwake, sumo rank"],["脇","わき","côté, flanc, aisselle","side, armpit"]]},{"c":"腸","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["intestin","entrailles","viscères"],"en":["intestines","guts","bowels","viscera"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["はらわた","わた"],"ex":[["大腸","だいちょう","gros intestin","large intestine"],["腸","ちょう","intestin","intestine, bowels"]]},{"c":"憎","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["haine","détester"],"en":["hate","detest"],"on":["ゾウ"],"kun":["にく.む","にく.い","にく.らしい","にく.しみ"],"ex":[["憎悪","ぞうお","haine","hatred"],["憎しみ","にくしみ","haine","hatred"]]},{"c":"槽","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["cuve","bac","réservoir"],"en":["vat","tub","tank"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["ふね"],"ex":[["水槽","すいそう","aquarium, réservoir d’eau","tank, aquarium"],["浴槽","よくそう","baignoire","bathtub"]]},{"c":"鍋","s":17,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["pot","pan","kettle"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["なべ"],"ex":[["鍋","なべ","casserole, plat en marmite","pot, hot pot"],["中華鍋","ちゅうかなべ","wok","wok"]]},{"c":"慈","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["miséricorde","pitié","affection"],"en":["mercy"],"on":["ジ"],"kun":["いつく.しむ"],"ex":[["慈善","じぜん","charité, bienfaisance","charity"],["慈悲","じひ","compassion, miséricorde","mercy, compassion"]]},{"c":"皿","s":5,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["assiette","plat","portion"],"en":["dish","a helping","plate"],"on":["ベイ"],"kun":["さら"],"ex":[["受け皿","うけざら","soucoupe, structure d’accueil","saucer, receptacle"],["皿","さら","assiette","plate, dish"]]},{"c":"肯","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["accord","consentement","se conformer à","affirmatif"],"en":["agreement","consent","comply with"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["がえんじ.る"],"ex":[["肯定","こうてい","affirmation, approbation","affirmation, approval"]]},{"c":"伐","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["abattre","frapper","attaquer","punir"],"en":["fell","strike","attack","punish"],"on":["バツ","ハツ","カ","ボチ"],"kun":["き.る","そむ.く","う.つ"],"ex":[["伐採","ばっさい","abattage d’arbres","logging, felling trees"],["間伐","かんばつ","éclaircie en forêt","thinning (forestry)"]]},{"c":"漬","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["saumure","tremper","humecter","imbiber"],"en":["pickling","soak","moisten","steep"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["つ.ける","つ.かる","づ.け","づけ"],"ex":[["漬ける","つける","faire mariner, faire tremper","to pickle, to soak"],["漬物","つけもの","légumes marinés (tsukemono)","pickles, tsukemono"]]},{"c":"燥","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["dessécher","être joyeux"],"en":["parch","dry up"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["はしゃ.ぐ"],"ex":[["乾燥","かんそう","séchage, sec","drying, dryness"],["乾燥機","かんそうき","sèche-linge","dryer"]]},{"c":"糾","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["entortiller","demander","enquêter","vérifier"],"en":["twist","ask","investigate","verify"],"on":["キュウ"],"kun":["ただ.す"],"ex":[["紛糾","ふんきゅう","complication, imbroglio","complication, turmoil"],["糾弾","きゅうだん","dénonciation, condamnation","denunciation, censure"]]},{"c":"墳","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["tombeau","tumulus"],"en":["tomb","mound"],"on":["フン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["古墳","こふん","tumulus ancien (kofun)","ancient burial mound"],["墳墓","ふんぼ","tombe, sépulture","tomb, grave"]]},{"c":"坪","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["tsubo (3,306 m² )","aire de 2 tatamis standards"],"en":["two-mat area","approx. thirty-six sq ft"],"on":["ヘイ"],"kun":["つぼ"],"ex":[["坪","つぼ","tsubo (unité de surface)","tsubo (unit of area)"]]},{"c":"畜","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["bétail","animaux domestiques"],"en":["livestock","domestic fowl and animals"],"on":["チク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["家畜","かちく","bétail","livestock"],["畜産","ちくさん","élevage","livestock farming"]]},{"c":"紺","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["bleu marine"],"en":["dark blue","navy"],"on":["コン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["紺","こん","bleu marine","navy blue"],["濃紺","のうこん","bleu marine foncé","dark navy blue"]]},{"c":"慌","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["déconcerté","confus","précipité","écervelé"],"en":["disconcerted","be confused","lose one's head"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["あわ.てる","あわ.ただしい"],"ex":[["慌てる","あわてる","paniquer, s’affoler","to panic, to be flustered"],["恐慌","きょうこう","panique, crise économique","panic, financial crisis"]]},{"c":"娯","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["divertissement","distraction"],"en":["recreation","pleasure"],"on":["ゴ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["娯楽","ごらく","divertissement, loisir","entertainment, amusement"]]},{"c":"舌","s":6,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["langue","anche","battant (cloche)"],"en":["tongue","reed","clapper"],"on":["ゼツ"],"kun":["した"],"ex":[["舌","した","langue (organe)","tongue"],["弁舌","べんぜつ","éloquence","eloquence, speech"]]},{"c":"羅","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["gaze","soie fine","Rome"],"en":["gauze","thin silk","Rome","arrange"],"on":["ラ"],"kun":["うすもの"],"ex":[["修羅場","しゅらば","scène de bataille, situation dramatique","scene of carnage, heated confrontation"],["甲羅","こうら","carapace","shell, carapace"]]},{"c":"坊","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["garçon","prêtre bouddhiste","moine","résidence du moine"],"en":["boy","priest's residence","priest"],"on":["ボウ","ボッ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["赤ん坊","あかんぼう","bébé","baby"],["坊さん","ぼうさん","bonze, moine bouddhiste","Buddhist monk"]]},{"c":"峡","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["gorge","ravin","vallée étroite"],"en":["gorge","ravine"],"on":["キョウ","コウ"],"kun":["はざま"],"ex":[["海峡","かいきょう","détroit","strait, channel"],["峡谷","きょうこく","gorge, canyon","gorge, canyon"]]},{"c":"俸","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["traitement","salaire"],"en":["stipend","salary"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["年俸","ねんぽう","salaire annuel","annual salary"],["減俸","げんぽう","baisse de salaire","pay cut"]]},{"c":"厘","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["un petit peu","fifrelin","1/10 de sen = 0.001 yen","1/10 de bu = 0.303 cm"],"en":["rin","1/10 sen","1/10 bu"],"on":["リン"],"kun":[],"ex":[]},{"c":"峰","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["sommet","pointe","pic"],"en":["summit","peak"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["みね","ね"],"ex":[["峰","みね","pic, sommet","peak, summit"],["最高峰","さいこうほう","plus haut sommet","highest peak"]]},{"c":"醸","s":20,"l":1,"fr":["brasser","causer"],"en":["brew","cause"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["かも.す"],"ex":[["醸成","じょうせい","création progressive d’une ambiance","brewing, fostering"],["醸造","じょうぞう","brassage, fermentation","brewing"]]},{"c":"弔","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["condoléances","deuil","funérailles"],"en":["condolences","mourning","funeral"],"on":["チョウ"],"kun":["とむら.う","とぶら.う"],"ex":[["弔問","ちょうもん","visite de condoléances","condolence visit"],["弔辞","ちょうじ","éloge funèbre","funeral address, condolences"]]},{"c":"乙","s":1,"l":1,"fr":["radical hameçon (no. 5)","chic","signe du 2ème tronc céleste","dernier"],"en":["the latter","duplicate","strange","witty"],"on":["オツ","イツ"],"kun":["おと","きのと"],"ex":[["乙","おつ","B, deuxième rang","second, B"],["甲乙","こうおつ","A et B, hiérarchie","A and B, ranking"]]},{"c":"汁","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["soupe","jus","bouillon","sève"],"en":["soup","juice","broth","sap"],"on":["ジュウ"],"kun":["しる","しる","つゆ"],"ex":[["汁","しる","jus, soupe","juice, soup"],["果汁","かじゅう","jus de fruit","fruit juice"]]},{"c":"尼","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["nonne"],"en":["nun"],"on":["ニ"],"kun":["あま"],"ex":[["尼","あま","nonne bouddhiste","Buddhist nun"],["尼僧","にそう","nonne bouddhiste","Buddhist nun"]]},{"c":"遍","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["partout","-fois","largement","généralement"],"en":["everywhere","times","widely","generally"],"on":["ヘン"],"kun":["あまね.く"],"ex":[["普遍","ふへん","universel, général","universal"],["普遍的","ふへんてき","universel","universal"]]},{"c":"衡","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["équilibre","balance"],"en":["equilibrium","measuring rod","scale"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["不均衡","ふきんこう","déséquilibre","imbalance, lack of balance"],["均衡","きんこう","équilibre","balance, equilibrium"]]},{"c":"薫","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["parfumer","parfumé","odorant","fumée"],"en":["send forth fragrance","fragrant","be scented","smoke (tobacco)"],"on":["クン"],"kun":["かお.る"],"ex":[]},{"c":"瓦","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["tuile","gramme"],"en":["tile","gram"],"on":["ガ"],"kun":["かわら","ぐらむ"],"ex":[["瓦","かわら","tuile","roof tile"],["瓦解","がかい","effondrement, désintégration","collapse, disintegration"]]},{"c":"猟","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["chasse sportive","tir","jeu","sac"],"en":["game-hunting","shooting","game","bag"],"on":["リョウ"],"kun":["かり","か.る"],"ex":[["狩猟","しゅりょう","chasse","hunting"],["密猟","みつりょう","braconnage","poaching"]]},{"c":"羊","s":6,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["mouton"],"en":["sheep"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["ひつじ"],"ex":[["羊","ひつじ","mouton","sheep"],["羊毛","ようもう","laine","wool"]]},{"c":"款","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["bonne volonté","article","section","fraternisation"],"en":["goodwill","article","section","friendship"],"on":["カン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["借款","しゃっかん","prêt entre États, crédit","loan, credit"],["定款","ていかん","statuts d’une société","articles of incorporation"]]},{"c":"閲","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["revue","inspection","révision"],"en":["review","inspection","revision"],"on":["エツ"],"kun":["けみ.する"],"ex":[["検閲","けんえつ","censure","censorship"],["閲覧","えつらん","consultation de documents","viewing, browsing"]]},{"c":"偵","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["espion"],"en":["spy"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["偵察","ていさつ","reconnaissance militaire","reconnaissance, scouting"],["探偵","たんてい","détective","detective"]]},{"c":"喝","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["gronder","rauque"],"en":["hoarse","scold"],"on":["カツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["恐喝","きょうかつ","chantage, extorsion","blackmail, extortion"],["一喝","いっかつ","réprimande sèche","a sharp rebuke"]]},{"c":"敢","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["audace","triste","tragique","pitoyable"],"en":["daring","brave","bold","sad"],"on":["カン"],"kun":["あ.えて","あ.えない","あ.えず"],"ex":[["果敢","かかん","résolu, audacieux","resolute, daring"],["敢闘","かんとう","combat courageux","fighting spirit"]]},{"c":"胎","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["utérus","foetus"],"en":["womb","uterus"],"on":["タイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["胎児","たいじ","fœtus","fetus"],["胎内","たいない","ventre maternel","in the womb"]]},{"c":"酵","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["fermentation"],"en":["fermentation"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["酵素","こうそ","enzyme","enzyme"],["発酵","はっこう","fermentation","fermentation"]]},{"c":"憤","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["excité","rancune","indignation","colère"],"en":["aroused","resent","be indignant","anger"],"on":["フン"],"kun":["いきどお.る"],"ex":[["憤り","いきどおり","indignation","indignation"],["憤慨","ふんがい","indignation, courroux","indignation, resentment"]]},{"c":"豚","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["porc","cochon"],"en":["pork","pig"],"on":["トン"],"kun":["ぶた"],"ex":[["豚","ぶた","porc, cochon","pig"],["豚肉","ぶたにく","viande de porc","pork"]]},{"c":"遮","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["intercepter","interrompre","obstruer"],"en":["intercept","interrupt","obstruct"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["さえぎ.る"],"ex":[["遮断器","しゃだんき","disjoncteur, barrière de passage à niveau","circuit breaker, crossing gate"],["遮断","しゃだん","interruption, coupure","blocking, cutting off"]]},{"c":"扉","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["porte d'entrée","première page","page de titre"],"en":["front door","title page","front page"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["とびら"],"ex":[["扉","とびら","porte, battant","door"],["門扉","もんぴ","portail","gate"]]},{"c":"硫","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["soufre"],"en":["sulphur"],"on":["リュウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["脱硫","だつりゅう","désulfuration","desulfurization"],["硫酸","りゅうさん","acide sulfurique","sulfuric acid"]]},{"c":"赦","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["pardon"],"en":["pardon","forgiveness"],"on":["シャ"],"kun":["ゆる.す"],"ex":[["恩赦","おんしゃ","amnistie, grâce","amnesty, pardon"],["容赦","ようしゃ","clémence, indulgence","forgiveness, mercy"]]},{"c":"挫","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["crush","break","sprain","discourage"],"on":["ザ","サ"],"kun":["くじ.く","くじ.ける"],"ex":[["挫折","ざせつ","échec, découragement","setback, frustration"],["脳挫傷","のうざしょう","contusion cérébrale","cerebral contusion"]]},{"c":"挟","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["pincer","entre deux"],"en":["pinch","between"],"on":["キョウ","ショウ"],"kun":["はさ.む","はさ.まる","わきばさ.む","さしはさ.む"],"ex":[["挟む","はさむ","pincer, insérer entre","to sandwich, to put between"],["挟み撃ち","はさみうち","attaque en tenaille","pincer attack"]]},{"c":"窃","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["cambrioler","secret","privé","discret"],"en":["stealth","steal","secret","private"],"on":["セツ"],"kun":["ぬす.む","ひそ.か"],"ex":[["窃盗","せっとう","vol, larcin","theft, larceny"]]},{"c":"泡","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["bulle","mousse","écume"],"en":["bubbles","foam","suds","froth"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["あわ"],"ex":[["泡","あわ","bulle, mousse","bubble, foam"],["発泡","はっぽう","pétillant, mousseux","foaming, sparkling"]]},{"c":"又","s":2,"l":1,"fr":["ou encore","de plus","d'un autre côté"],"en":["or again","furthermore","on the other hand"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":["また","また","また.の"],"ex":[["又は","または","ou, ou bien","or"],["又","また","de plus, encore","again, also"]]},{"c":"慨","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["repentir","regret","triste","soupir"],"en":["rue","be sad","sigh","lament"],"on":["ガイ"],"kun":["なげ.く"],"ex":[["感慨","かんがい","émotion profonde","deep emotion"],["憤慨","ふんがい","indignation, courroux","indignation, resentment"]]},{"c":"紡","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["filage"],"en":["spinning"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["つむ.ぐ"],"ex":[["紡績","ぼうせき","filature","spinning"],["紡ぐ","つむぐ","filer, tisser des liens","to spin"]]},{"c":"恨","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["ressentiment","regret","rancune","méchanceté"],"en":["regret","bear a grudge","resentment","malice"],"on":["コン"],"kun":["うら.む","うら.めしい"],"ex":[["恨み","うらみ","rancune, ressentiment","grudge, resentment"],["痛恨","つうこん","profond regret","deep regret"]]},{"c":"肪","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["obèse","graisse","gras","gros"],"en":["obese","fat"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["脂肪","しぼう","graisse","fat"],["脂肪酸","しぼうさん","acide gras","fatty acid"]]},{"c":"扶","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["aider","assister","prêter main forte"],"en":["aid","help","assist"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["たす.ける"],"ex":[["扶養","ふよう","entretien d’une personne à charge","support of dependents"],["扶助","ふじょ","aide, assistance","aid, assistance"]]},{"c":"戯","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["divertissement","jeu","sport"],"en":["frolic","play","sport"],"on":["ギ","ゲ"],"kun":["たわむ.れる","ざ.れる","じゃ.れる"],"ex":[["戯曲","ぎきょく","pièce de théâtre","play, drama"],["遊戯","ゆうぎ","jeu, divertissement","play, game"]]},{"c":"忌","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["deuil","détester","répugnant","anniversaire du décès"],"en":["mourning","abhor","detestable","death anniversary"],"on":["キ"],"kun":["い.む","い.み","い.まわしい"],"ex":[["回忌","かいき","cérémonie d’anniversaire de décès","death anniversary memorial"],["忌避","きひ","évitement, esquive","avoidance, evasion"]]},{"c":"濁","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["troubler","consonne sonore (nigori)","impureté","faux"],"en":["voiced","uncleanness","wrong","nigori"],"on":["ダク","ジョク"],"kun":["にご.る","にご.す"],"ex":[["汚濁","おだく","pollution de l’eau","pollution, contamination"],["濁る","にごる","se troubler, devenir trouble","to become cloudy"]]},{"c":"奔","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["courir","agitation","précipitation"],"en":["run","bustle"],"on":["ホン"],"kun":["はし.る"],"ex":[["奔放","ほんぽう","libre, désinhibé","free-spirited, uninhibited"],["狂奔","きょうほん","course effrénée","frantic rushing"]]},{"c":"斗","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["Grande Ourse","tonnelet de saké","to (18,039 litres)","radical points et croix (no. 68)"],"en":["Big Dipper","ten sho (vol)","sake dipper","dots and cross radical (no. 68)"],"on":["ト","トウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[]},{"c":"迅","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["vif","rapide"],"en":["swift","fast"],"on":["ジン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["迅速","じんそく","rapide, prompt","quick, prompt"]]},{"c":"肖","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["ressemblance","portrait"],"en":["resemblance"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["あやか.る"],"ex":[["肖像","しょうぞう","portrait","portrait"],["不肖","ふしょう","indigne (formule de modestie)","unworthy, undeserving"]]},{"c":"鉢","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["bol","bol à riz","pot","couronne"],"en":["bowl","rice tub","pot","crown"],"on":["ハチ","ハツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["鉢","はち","pot, bol","pot, bowl"],["鉢植え","はちうえ","plante en pot","potted plant"]]},{"c":"朽","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["délabré","pourri","rester reclus"],"en":["decay","rot","remain in seclusion"],"on":["キュウ"],"kun":["く.ちる"],"ex":[["老朽","ろうきゅう","vétuste, délabré","decrepit, aged"],["不朽","ふきゅう","impérissable, immortel","immortal, everlasting"]]},{"c":"殻","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["coquille","enveloppe (grain)"],"en":["husk","nut shell"],"on":["カク","コク","バイ"],"kun":["から","がら"],"ex":[["殻","から","coquille, enveloppe","shell, husk"],["吸い殻","すいがら","mégot","cigarette butt"]]},{"c":"享","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["recevoir","accepter","répondre (téléphone)","prendre"],"en":["enjoy","receive","undergo","answer (phone)"],"on":["キョウ","コウ"],"kun":["う.ける"],"ex":[["享受","きょうじゅ","jouissance, profiter de","enjoyment, benefiting from"],["享年","きょうねん","âge au décès","age at death"]]},{"c":"藩","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["clan","fief","domaine"],"en":["clan","enclosure"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["藩","はん","han (domaine féodal)","han, feudal domain"],["藩主","はんしゅ","seigneur de han, daimyō","feudal lord"]]},{"c":"沙","s":7,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["sand"],"on":["サ","シャ"],"kun":["すな","よなげる"],"ex":[["ご無沙汰","ごぶさた","long silence, absence de nouvelles","long silence, not keeping in touch"],["沙汰","さた","affaire, nouvelles","matter, news"]]},{"c":"曇","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["temps couvert","se couvrir"],"en":["cloudy weather","cloud up"],"on":["ドン"],"kun":["くも.る"],"ex":[["曇り","くもり","temps nuageux","cloudy weather"],["曇り空","くもりぞら","ciel couvert","cloudy sky"]]},{"c":"媒","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["médiateur","intermédiaire"],"en":["mediator","go-between"],"on":["バイ"],"kun":["なこうど"],"ex":[["媒体","ばいたい","média, support","medium, media"],["触媒","しょくばい","catalyseur","catalyst"]]},{"c":"鶏","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["poule"],"en":["chicken"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["にわとり","とり"],"ex":[["鶏","にわとり","poule, poulet","chicken"],["鶏肉","けいにく","poulet (viande)","chicken meat"]]},{"c":"禅","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["Zen","méditation"],"en":["Zen","silent meditation"],"on":["ゼン","セン"],"kun":["しずか","ゆず.る"],"ex":[["禅","ぜん","zen","Zen"],["座禅","ざぜん","zazen (méditation assise)","zazen, seated meditation"]]},{"c":"嘱","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["charger de","appartenir","demander","envoyer un message"],"en":["entrust","request","send a message"],"on":["ショク"],"kun":["しょく.する","たの.む"],"ex":[["嘱託","しょくたく","contractuel, mission confiée","part-time commissioned worker"],["委嘱","いしょく","mandat, commission","commissioning, entrusting"]]},{"c":"胴","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["tronc (du corps)","torse","coque (bateau)","moyeu"],"en":["trunk","torso","hull (ship)","hub of wheel"],"on":["ドウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["胴体","どうたい","tronc, corps","torso, body"],["胴","どう","torse, tronc","torso, trunk"]]},{"c":"迭","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["transférer","alternance"],"en":["transfer","alternation"],"on":["テツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["更迭","こうてつ","remaniement, changement de titulaire","replacement, reshuffle"]]},{"c":"挿","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["insérer","greffer","mettre dans","porter (épée)"],"en":["insert","put in","graft","wear (sword)"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["さ.す","はさ.む"],"ex":[["挿絵","さしえ","illustration","illustration"],["挿入","そうにゅう","insertion","insertion"]]},{"c":"嵐","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["tempête"],"en":["storm","tempest"],"on":["ラン"],"kun":["あらし"],"ex":[["嵐","あらし","tempête","storm"]]},{"c":"椎","s":12,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["chinquapin","mallet","spine"],"on":["ツイ","スイ"],"kun":["つち","う.つ"],"ex":[["脊椎","せきつい","colonne vertébrale","spine, vertebral column"],["椎間板","ついかんばん","disque intervertébral","intervertebral disc"]]},{"c":"絹","s":13,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["soie"],"en":["silk"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["きぬ"],"ex":[["絹","きぬ","soie","silk"],["絹糸","けんし","fil de soie","silk thread"]]},{"c":"陪","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["respect","suivre","accompagner","assister"],"en":["obeisance","follow","accompany","attend on"],"on":["バイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["陪審","ばいしん","jury","jury"]]},{"c":"剖","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["disséquer","diviser"],"en":["divide"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["解剖","かいぼう","dissection, autopsie","dissection, autopsy"],["解剖学","かいぼうがく","anatomie","anatomy"]]},{"c":"譜","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["partition","musique","note","portée"],"en":["musical score","music","note","staff"],"on":["フ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["楽譜","がくふ","partition musicale","sheet music"],["系譜","けいふ","généalogie","genealogy"]]},{"c":"悠","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["éternité","éloigné","permanence","tranquille"],"en":["permanence","distant","long time","leisure"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["悠久","ゆうきゅう","éternité, longue durée","eternity, timelessness"],["悠長","ゆうちょう","nonchalant, lent","leisurely, slow"]]},{"c":"淑","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["gracieux","doux","pur"],"en":["graceful","gentle","pure"],"on":["シュク"],"kun":["しと.やか"],"ex":[["淑女","しゅくじょ","dame, femme distinguée","lady"],["淑徳","しゅくとく","vertu féminine","feminine virtue"]]},{"c":"帆","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["voile"],"en":["sail"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":["ほ"],"ex":[["帆","ほ","voile de bateau","sail"],["帆船","はんせん","voilier","sailing ship"]]},{"c":"暁","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["point du jour","aube","au cas où"],"en":["daybreak","dawn","in the event"],"on":["ギョウ","キョウ"],"kun":["あかつき","さと.る"],"ex":[["暁","あかつき","aube","dawn"]]},{"c":"傑","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["grandeur","excellence"],"en":["greatness","excellence"],"on":["ケツ"],"kun":["すぐ.れる"],"ex":[["傑作","けっさく","chef-d’œuvre","masterpiece"],["傑出","けっしゅつ","exceptionnel, remarquable","outstanding, excelling"]]},{"c":"笛","s":11,"l":1,"g":3,"fr":["flûte","clarinette","sifflet","pipeau"],"en":["flute","clarinet","pipe","whistle"],"on":["テキ"],"kun":["ふえ"],"ex":[["笛","ふえ","flûte, sifflet","flute, whistle"],["口笛","くちぶえ","sifflement","whistling"]]},{"c":"奴","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["mec","type","esclave","valet"],"en":["guy","slave","manservant","fellow"],"on":["ド"],"kun":["やつ","やっこ"],"ex":[["奴隷","どれい","esclave, esclavage","slave, slavery"]]},{"c":"誰","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["qui","quelqu'un"],"en":["who","someone","somebody"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":["だれ","たれ","た"],"ex":[["誰","だれ","qui","who"],["誰か","だれか","quelqu’un","someone"]]},{"c":"錠","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["serrure","chaines","fers"],"en":["lock","fetters","shackles"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["錠","じょう","serrure, cadenas, comprimé","lock, tablet"],["手錠","てじょう","menottes","handcuffs"]]},{"c":"拳","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["fist"],"on":["ケン","ゲン"],"kun":["こぶし"],"ex":[["拳","こぶし","poing","fist"],["拳銃","けんじゅう","pistolet","pistol, handgun"]]},{"c":"遷","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["transition","changement","déménagement","dégrader (armée, profession)"],"en":["transition","move","change"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["うつ.る","うつ.す","みやこがえ"],"ex":[["変遷","へんせん","évolution, transformation","change, transition"],["遷都","せんと","transfert de la capitale","moving the capital"]]},{"c":"拙","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["maladroit","bâclé","mon humble (maison, écrit)"],"en":["bungling","clumsy","unskillful"],"on":["セツ"],"kun":["つたな.い"],"ex":[["拙速","せっそく","précipitation, travail bâclé","hasty, rushed"],["稚拙","ちせつ","maladroit, enfantin","clumsy, childish"]]},{"c":"侍","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["serviteur","samouraï","servir"],"en":["waiter","samurai","wait upon","serve"],"on":["ジ","シ"],"kun":["さむらい","はべ.る"],"ex":[["侍","さむらい","samouraï","samurai"],["侍従","じじゅう","chambellan","chamberlain"]]},{"c":"尺","s":4,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["shaku (30,303 cm)","mesure","échelle","règle"],"en":["shaku","Japanese foot","measure","scale"],"on":["シャク","セキ"],"kun":["さし"],"ex":[["尺度","しゃくど","échelle, critère","scale, standard"],["尺八","しゃくはち","shakuhachi (flûte de bambou)","shakuhachi (bamboo flute)"]]},{"c":"峠","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["col (montagne)","sommet","crête","(kokuji)"],"en":["mountain peak","mountain pass","climax","crest"],"on":[],"kun":["とうげ"],"ex":[["峠","とうげ","col de montagne","mountain pass"]]},{"c":"篤","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["intense","gentil","cordial","grave"],"en":["fervent","kind","cordial","serious"],"on":["トク"],"kun":["あつ.い"],"ex":[["危篤","きとく","état critique","critical condition"],["篤志家","とくしか","philanthrope, bénévole","philanthropist, volunteer"]]},{"c":"渇","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["soif","sécheresse"],"en":["thirst","dry up","parch"],"on":["カツ"],"kun":["かわ.く"],"ex":[["渇水","かっすい","pénurie d’eau, sécheresse","water shortage, drought"],["枯渇","こかつ","épuisement des ressources","depletion, drying up"]]},{"c":"俺","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["I","myself"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["おれ","われ"],"ex":[]},{"c":"叔","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["oncle","tante","frère ou soeur cadets des parents"],"en":["uncle","youth"],"on":["シュク"],"kun":[],"ex":[]},{"c":"雌","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["femelle"],"en":["feminine","female"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["め","めす","めん"],"ex":[["雌雄","しゆう","mâle et femelle","male and female"],["雌花","めばな","fleur femelle","female flower"]]},{"c":"堪","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["résistance","endurer","supporter","résister"],"en":["withstand","endure","support","resist"],"on":["カン","タン"],"kun":["た.える","たま.る","こら.える","こた.える"],"ex":[["堪能","たんのう","habile, expert, satisfait","proficient, satisfied"],["堪らない","たまらない","insupportable, irrésistible","unbearable, irresistible"]]},{"c":"叙","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["conférer","relater","raconter","décrire"],"en":["confer","relate","narrate","describe"],"on":["ジョ"],"kun":["つい.ず","ついで"],"ex":[["叙勲","じょくん","remise de décorations","conferring of decorations"],["叙情","じょじょう","lyrisme","lyricism"]]},{"c":"酢","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["vinaigre","aigre","acide","sur (goût)"],"en":["vinegar","sour","acid","tart"],"on":["サク"],"kun":["す"],"ex":[["酢","す","vinaigre","vinegar"],["酢酸","さくさん","acide acétique","acetic acid"]]},{"c":"吟","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["versifier","réciter","récital","chant"],"en":["versify","singing","recital"],"on":["ギン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["吟醸酒","ぎんじょうしゅ","saké ginjō","ginjō sake"],["吟味","ぎんみ","examen minutieux, sélection","careful examination, scrutiny"]]},{"c":"逓","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["relais","progressif","au fur et à mesure","envoi"],"en":["relay","in turn","sending"],"on":["テイ"],"kun":["かわ.る","たがいに"],"ex":[["逓信","ていしん","postes et télécommunications","communications, postal service"]]},{"c":"痕","s":11,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["mark","foot print"],"on":["コン"],"kun":["あと"],"ex":[["痕跡","こんせき","trace, vestige","trace, vestige"],["血痕","けっこん","tache de sang","bloodstain"]]},{"c":"袖","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["manche","aile (bâtiment)","rallonge (table)","virer qu'un"],"en":["sleeve","wing (building)","extension","give cold shoulder"],"on":["シュウ"],"kun":["そで"],"ex":[["領袖","りょうしゅう","chef, leader","leader, chief"],["袖","そで","manche","sleeve"]]},{"c":"甚","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["formidable","très","terriblement","excessivement"],"en":["tremendously","very","great","exceedingly"],"on":["ジン"],"kun":["はなは.だ","はなは.だしい"],"ex":[["甚大","じんだい","très grave, énorme","enormous, serious"],["甚だ","はなはだ","extrêmement","extremely"]]},{"c":"妖","s":7,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["attractive","bewitching","calamity"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["あや.しい","なま.めく","わざわ.い"],"ex":[["妖怪","ようかい","yōkai, esprit, monstre","yōkai, supernatural creature"],["妖精","ようせい","fée, lutin","fairy, sprite"]]},{"c":"闇","s":17,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["get dark","gloom","disorder"],"on":["アン","オン"],"kun":["やみ","くら.い"],"ex":[["闇","やみ","obscurité, ténèbres","darkness"],["暗闇","くらやみ","noirceur, obscurité","darkness, the dark"]]},{"c":"崇","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["adoration","respect","révérer","culte"],"en":["adore","respect","revere","worship"],"on":["スウ"],"kun":["あが.める"],"ex":[["崇拝","すうはい","culte, adoration","worship, adoration"],["崇高","すうこう","sublime","sublime, lofty"]]},{"c":"漆","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["laque","vernis","sept (shichi)"],"en":["lacquer","varnish","seven"],"on":["シツ"],"kun":["うるし"],"ex":[["漆","うるし","laque","lacquer"],["漆器","しっき","objets en laque","lacquerware"]]},{"c":"岬","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["avancée de terre","cap","pointe","promontoire"],"en":["headland","cape","spit","promontory"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["みさき"],"ex":[["岬","みさき","cap","cape"]]},{"c":"癖","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["manie","mauvaise habitude","vice","trait (caractère)"],"en":["mannerism","habit","vice","trait"],"on":["ヘキ"],"kun":["くせ","くせ.に"],"ex":[["口癖","くちぐせ","tic de langage, expression favorite","favorite phrase, verbal habit"],["癖","くせ","habitude, manie","habit, quirk"]]},{"c":"愉","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["plaisir","joyeux","agréable"],"en":["pleasure","happy","rejoice"],"on":["ユ"],"kun":["たの.しい","たの.しむ"],"ex":[["愉快","ゆかい","agréable, joyeux","pleasant, delightful"],["不愉快","ふゆかい","désagréable","unpleasant"]]},{"c":"捉","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["catch","capture"],"on":["ソク","サク"],"kun":["とら.える"],"ex":[["捉える","とらえる","saisir, capturer","to catch, to capture"]]},{"c":"礁","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["récif","écueil"],"en":["reef","sunken rock"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["暗礁","あんしょう","écueil, obstacle imprévu","hidden reef, unexpected obstacle"],["岩礁","がんしょう","récif","reef"]]},{"c":"屯","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["garnison","poste de police","camp militaire"],"en":["barracks","police station","camp","ton"],"on":["トン"],"kun":["たむろ"],"ex":[["駐屯","ちゅうとん","stationnement de troupes","stationing of troops"]]},{"c":"姻","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["conjugal","mariage"],"en":["matrimony","marry"],"on":["イン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["婚姻","こんいん","mariage","marriage"]]},{"c":"賭","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["parier","miser","jouer"],"en":["gamble","wager","bet"],"on":["ト"],"kun":["か.ける","かけ"],"ex":[["賭け","かけ","pari","bet, wager"],["賭博","とばく","jeux d’argent","gambling"]]},{"c":"擬","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["imitation","pointer une arme","nommer","comparer"],"en":["mimic","aim (a gun) at","nominate","imitate"],"on":["ギ"],"kun":["まが.い","もど.き"],"ex":[["模擬","もぎ","simulation, factice","mock, simulated"],["模擬店","もぎてん","stand de fête scolaire","food stall (school festival)"]]},{"c":"塀","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["barrière","mur","(kokuji)"],"en":["fence","wall","(kokuji)"],"on":["ヘイ","ベイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["塀","へい","mur, clôture","fence, wall"],["土塀","どべい","mur en terre","earthen wall"]]},{"c":"唇","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["lèvres"],"en":["lips"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["くちびる"],"ex":[["唇","くちびる","lèvre","lip"],["上唇","うわくちびる","lèvre supérieure","upper lip"]]},{"c":"睦","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["intime","amical","harmonieux"],"en":["intimate","friendly","harmonious"],"on":["ボク","モク"],"kun":["むつ.まじい","むつ.む","むつ.ぶ"],"ex":[["親睦","しんぼく","amitié, convivialité","friendship, fellowship"]]},{"c":"閑","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["loisirs"],"en":["leisure"],"on":["カン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["閑散","かんさん","calme, peu fréquenté","quiet, slack"],["閑静","かんせい","calme, tranquille","quiet, peaceful"]]},{"c":"幽","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["isoler","confiné","profond","obscur"],"en":["seclude","confine to a room","deep","profound"],"on":["ユウ"],"kun":["ふか.い","かす.か","くら.い","しろ.い"],"ex":[["幽霊","ゆうれい","fantôme","ghost"],["幽閉","ゆうへい","séquestration, réclusion","confinement, imprisonment"]]},{"c":"曹","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["élève officier","sous-officier","ami","fils de bonne famille"],"en":["office","official","comrade","fellow"],"on":["ソウ","ゾウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["法曹","ほうそう","professions juridiques","legal profession"],["法曹界","ほうそうかい","milieu juridique","legal circles"]]},{"c":"詠","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["composer (un poème)","récitation","poème","chanson"],"en":["recitation","poem","song","composing"],"on":["エイ"],"kun":["よ.む","うた.う"],"ex":[["詠む","よむ","composer un poème","to compose (a poem)"],["朗詠","ろうえい","récitation de poésie","recitation of poetry"]]},{"c":"卑","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["humble","ignoble","vil","vulgaire"],"en":["lowly","base","vile","vulgar"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["いや.しい","いや.しむ","いや.しめる"],"ex":[["卑劣","ひれつ","vil, méprisable","base, despicable"],["卑屈","ひくつ","servile","servile, submissive"]]},{"c":"侮","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["mépriser","dédaigner","prendre à la légère","irrespect"],"en":["scorn","despise","make light of","contempt"],"on":["ブ"],"kun":["あなど.る","あなず.る"],"ex":[["侮辱","ぶじょく","insulte, outrage","insult"],["侮る","あなどる","mépriser, sous-estimer","to despise, to underestimate"]]},{"c":"鋳","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["couler (métal)","frapper (monnaie)"],"en":["casting","mint"],"on":["チュウ","イ","シュ","シュウ"],"kun":["い.る"],"ex":[["鋳型","いがた","moule de fonderie","mold"],["鋳物","いもの","pièce coulée, fonte","casting, cast metal"]]},{"c":"抹","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["frotter","enduire","effacer"],"en":["rub","paint","erase"],"on":["マツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["一抹","いちまつ","une pointe, un soupçon","a touch, a trace"],["抹消","まっしょう","effacement, radiation","erasure, deletion"]]},{"c":"尉","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["officier","geôlier","vieil homme","rang"],"en":["military officer","jailer","old man","rank"],"on":["イ","ジョウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["大尉","たいい","capitaine (armée)","captain (army)"],["中尉","ちゅうい","lieutenant","lieutenant"]]},{"c":"隷","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["esclave","serviteur","prisonnier","criminel"],"en":["slave","servant","prisoner","criminal"],"on":["レイ"],"kun":["したが.う","しもべ"],"ex":[["奴隷","どれい","esclave, esclavage","slave, slavery"]]},{"c":"禍","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["calamité","malchance","mal","malédiction"],"en":["calamity","misfortune","evil","curse"],"on":["カ"],"kun":["わざわい"],"ex":[["惨禍","さんか","désastre, calamité","calamity, disaster"],["禍根","かこん","source de malheur","root of misfortune"]]},{"c":"酪","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["produits laitiers","petit-lait","bouillon","jus de fruits"],"en":["dairy products","whey","broth","fruit juice"],"on":["ラク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["酪農","らくのう","élevage laitier","dairy farming"]]},{"c":"茎","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["tige","queue"],"en":["stalk","stem"],"on":["ケイ","キョウ"],"kun":["くき"],"ex":[["茎","くき","tige","stem, stalk"]]},{"c":"汎","s":6,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["pan-"],"on":["ハン","ブ","フウ","ホウ"],"kun":["ただよ.う","ひろ.い"],"ex":[["汎用","はんよう","à usage général","general-purpose"]]},{"c":"頃","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["temps","époque","environ","vers"],"en":["time","about","toward"],"on":["ケイ","キョウ"],"kun":["ころ","ごろ","しばら.く"],"ex":[["今頃","いまごろ","à cette heure-ci","about this time"],["先頃","さきごろ","récemment","recently, the other day"]]},{"c":"帥","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["commandant","mener des troupes","gouverneur"],"en":["commander","leading troops","governor"],"on":["スイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["元帥","げんすい","maréchal","marshal"],["総帥","そうすい","chef suprême","supreme leader"]]},{"c":"逝","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["défunt","mourir"],"en":["departed","die"],"on":["セイ"],"kun":["ゆ.く","い.く"],"ex":[["逝去","せいきょ","décès (formel)","passing, death"],["急逝","きゅうせい","mort subite","sudden death"]]},{"c":"滴","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["goutte"],"en":["drip","drop"],"on":["テキ"],"kun":["しずく","したた.る"],"ex":[["点滴","てんてき","perfusion, goutte-à-goutte","intravenous drip"],["一滴","いってき","une goutte","a drop"]]},{"c":"汽","s":7,"l":1,"g":2,"fr":["vapeur"],"en":["vapor","steam"],"on":["キ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["汽車","きしゃ","train","train"],["汽船","きせん","bateau à vapeur","steamship"]]},{"c":"謎","s":16,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["riddle","puzzle","enigma","hint"],"on":["メイ","ベイ"],"kun":["なぞ"],"ex":[["謎","なぞ","énigme, mystère","riddle, mystery"]]},{"c":"匿","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["cacher","abriter","protéger"],"en":["hide","shelter","shield"],"on":["トク"],"kun":["かくま.う"],"ex":[["匿名","とくめい","anonymat","anonymity"],["隠匿","いんとく","dissimulation","concealment"]]},{"c":"爪","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["ongle","griffe","serre","plectre"],"en":["claw","nail","talon"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["つめ","つま"],"ex":[["爪","つめ","ongle, griffe","nail, claw"]]},{"c":"鍵","s":17,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["key"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["かぎ"],"ex":[["鍵","かぎ","clé","key"],["鍵盤","けんばん","clavier de piano","keyboard (piano)"]]},{"c":"襟","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["nuque","col","revers"],"en":["collar","neck","lapel","one's inner feelings"],"on":["キン"],"kun":["えり"],"ex":[["襟","えり","col, encolure","collar, lapel"],["襟元","えりもと","col, devant du cou","neckline, collar area"]]},{"c":"蛍","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["ver luisant","luciole"],"en":["lightning-bug","firefly"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["ほたる"],"ex":[["蛍光灯","けいこうとう","lampe fluorescente","fluorescent light"],["蛍光","けいこう","fluorescence","fluorescence"]]},{"c":"寡","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["très peu","minorité","veuve"],"en":["widow","minority","few"],"on":["カ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["寡占","かせん","oligopole","oligopoly"],["寡黙","かもく","taciturne","taciturn, silent"]]},{"c":"痢","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["diarrhée"],"en":["diarrhea"],"on":["リ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["下痢","げり","diarrhée","diarrhea"],["赤痢","せきり","dysenterie","dysentery"]]},{"c":"庸","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["banal","ordinaire","emploi"],"en":["commonplace","ordinary","employment"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["凡庸","ぼんよう","médiocre, banal","mediocre, ordinary"]]},{"c":"坑","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["mine","fosse","trou"],"en":["pit","hole"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["坑内","こうない","à l’intérieur d’une mine","inside a mine"],["坑道","こうどう","galerie de mine","mine tunnel"]]},{"c":"藍","s":18,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["indigo"],"on":["ラン"],"kun":["あい"],"ex":[["藍","あい","indigo","indigo"]]},{"c":"賊","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["bandit","rebelle","traitre","cambrioleur"],"en":["burglar","rebel","traitor","robber"],"on":["ゾク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["海賊","かいぞく","pirate","pirate"],["盗賊","とうぞく","voleur, brigand","thief, bandit"]]},{"c":"搾","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["presser"],"en":["squeeze"],"on":["サク"],"kun":["しぼ.る"],"ex":[["搾り","しぼり","pressage","squeezing, pressing"],["搾取","さくしゅ","exploitation","exploitation"]]},{"c":"臼","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["mortier"],"en":["mortar"],"on":["キュウ","グ"],"kun":["うす","うすづ.く"],"ex":[["臼","うす","mortier, meule","mortar, millstone"]]},{"c":"畔","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["levée de terre","digue (rizière)"],"en":["paddy ridge","levee"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":["あぜ","くろ","ほとり"],"ex":[["湖畔","こはん","bord de lac","lake shore"],["河畔","かはん","bord de rivière","riverside"]]},{"c":"唄","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["song","ballad"],"on":["バイ"],"kun":["うた","うた.う"],"ex":[["唄","うた","chanson traditionnelle","song, folk song"],["小唄","こうた","kouta (chanson populaire)","kouta, short song"]]},{"c":"孔","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["cavité","trou","fente","très"],"en":["cavity","hole","slit","very"],"on":["コウ","ク"],"kun":["あな"],"ex":[["孔子","こうし","Confucius","Confucius"],["瞳孔","どうこう","pupille de l’œil","pupil (of the eye)"]]},{"c":"呂","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["colonne vertébrale","épine dorsale","grand bâtiment"],"en":["spine","backbone"],"on":["ロ","リョ"],"kun":["せぼね"],"ex":[["風呂","ふろ","bain","bath"],["風呂屋","ふろや","bains publics","public bathhouse"]]},{"c":"拷","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["torture","tabasser"],"en":["torture","beat"],"on":["ゴウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["拷問","ごうもん","torture","torture"]]},{"c":"嬢","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["mademoiselle","jeune fille","fille"],"en":["lass","girl","Miss","daughter"],"on":["ジョウ"],"kun":["むすめ"],"ex":[["お嬢さん","おじょうさん","mademoiselle, fille de quelqu’un","young lady, daughter"],["嬢","じょう","mademoiselle","young lady"]]},{"c":"渓","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["torrent","gorge","vallée étroite"],"en":["mountain stream","valley"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["たに","たにがわ"],"ex":[["渓谷","けいこく","vallée encaissée, gorge","valley, gorge"],["渓流","けいりゅう","torrent de montagne","mountain stream, mountain torrent"]]},{"c":"翁","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["vénérable vieillard"],"en":["venerable old man"],"on":["オウ"],"kun":["おきな"],"ex":[["翁","おう","vieil homme","old man"]]},{"c":"廉","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["bonne affaire","raison","charge","suspicion"],"en":["bargain","reason","charge","suspicion"],"on":["レン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["廉売","れんばい","vente à prix cassé","bargain sale"],["廉価","れんか","bas prix","low price"]]},{"c":"牙","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["croc","défense","radical défense d'ivoire (no. 92)"],"en":["tusk","fang","tusk radical (no. 92)"],"on":["ガ","ゲ"],"kun":["きば","は"],"ex":[["象牙","ぞうげ","ivoire","ivory"],["牙","きば","croc, défense","fang, tusk"]]},{"c":"謹","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["révérencieusement","humblement","discret"],"en":["discreet","reverently","humbly"],"on":["キン"],"kun":["つつし.む"],"ex":[["謹慎","きんしん","retrait disciplinaire, mise à l’écart","disciplinary suspension, seclusion"],["不謹慎","ふきんしん","indélicat, inconvenant","improper, thoughtless"]]},{"c":"瞳","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["pupille (oeil)"],"en":["pupil (of eye)"],"on":["ドウ","トウ"],"kun":["ひとみ"],"ex":[["瞳","ひとみ","pupille, regard","pupil, eyes"],["瞳孔","どうこう","pupille de l’œil","pupil (of the eye)"]]},{"c":"湧","s":12,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["boil","ferment","seethe","uproar"],"on":["ユウ","ヨウ","ユ"],"kun":["わ.く"],"ex":[["湧水","ゆうすい","source jaillissante","spring water"],["湧く","わく","jaillir, sourdre","to well up, to gush"]]},{"c":"窯","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["four","four à poterie","fournaise"],"en":["kiln","oven","furnace"],"on":["ヨウ"],"kun":["かま"],"ex":[["窯","かま","four de céramiste","kiln"],["窯業","ようぎょう","industrie céramique","ceramics industry"]]},{"c":"褒","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["éloge","louer"],"en":["praise","extol"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["ほ.める"],"ex":[["褒賞","ほうしょう","récompense, médaille","award, medal"],["褒める","ほめる","féliciter, louer","to praise"]]},{"c":"醜","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["laid","malpropre","hideux","honteux"],"en":["ugly","unclean","shame","bad looking"],"on":["シュウ"],"kun":["みにく.い","しこ"],"ex":[["醜い","みにくい","laid","ugly"],["醜態","しゅうたい","conduite honteuse","disgraceful behavior"]]},{"c":"升","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["boîte mesure (1,8 litre)","boîte","cellule (sur une grille)"],"en":["measuring box","1.8 liter"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["ます"],"ex":[["升","ます","masu (mesure de volume)","masu, measuring box"]]},{"c":"殉","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["martyre","se sacrifier","suivre dans la mort"],"en":["martyrdom","follow by resigning"],"on":["ジュン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["殉教","じゅんきょう","martyre","martyrdom"],["殉職","じゅんしょく","mort en service","dying in the line of duty"]]},{"c":"煩","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["anxiété","tourment","souci","douleur"],"en":["anxiety","trouble","worry","pain"],"on":["ハン","ボン"],"kun":["わずら.う","わずら.わす","うるさ.がる","うるさ.い"],"ex":[["煩雑","はんざつ","compliqué, fastidieux","complicated, troublesome"],["煩悩","ぼんのう","passions mondaines (bouddhisme)","worldly desires"]]},{"c":"枕","s":8,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["pillow"],"on":["チン","シン"],"kun":["まくら"],"ex":[["枕","まくら","oreiller","pillow"]]},{"c":"劾","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["censure","enquête criminelle"],"en":["censure","criminal investigation"],"on":["ガイ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["弾劾","だんがい","mise en accusation","impeachment"]]},{"c":"堕","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["dégénérer","sombrer","s'abaisser"],"en":["degenerate","descend to","lapse into"],"on":["ダ"],"kun":["お.ちる","くず.す","くず.れる"],"ex":[["堕落","だらく","déchéance, dégradation morale","depravity, degradation"],["堕胎","だたい","avortement","abortion"]]},{"c":"丼","s":5,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["bowl","bowl of food"],"on":["トン","タン","ショウ","セイ"],"kun":["どんぶり"],"ex":[["丼","どんぶり","bol de riz garni (donburi)","rice bowl dish"],["天丼","てんどん","bol de riz au tempura","tempura rice bowl"]]},{"c":"租","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["droits","taxe","impôt","emprunt"],"en":["tariff","crop tax","borrowing"],"on":["ソ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["租税","そぜい","impôts, taxes","taxes"],["租界","そかい","concession étrangère","foreign concession"]]},{"c":"桟","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["échafaudage","traverse","cadre (shoji)","jetée"],"en":["scaffold","cleat","frame","jetty"],"on":["サン","セン"],"kun":["かけはし"],"ex":[["桟橋","さんばし","embarcadère, jetée","pier, jetty"],["桟敷","さじき","loge, tribune","box seat, gallery"]]},{"c":"惧","s":11,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["fear","be afraid of","dread"],"on":["ク","グ"],"kun":["おそ.れる"],"ex":[["危惧","きぐ","crainte, appréhension","apprehension, fear"]]},{"c":"婿","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["fiancé","gendre"],"en":["bridegroom","son-in-law"],"on":["セイ"],"kun":["むこ"],"ex":[["娘婿","むすめむこ","gendre","son-in-law"],["花婿","はなむこ","marié (époux)","bridegroom"]]},{"c":"慕","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["désir ardent","languir","aimer","adorer"],"en":["pining","yearn for","love dearly","adore"],"on":["ボ"],"kun":["した.う"],"ex":[["慕う","したう","admirer, être attaché à","to adore, to long for"],["思慕","しぼ","aspiration, affection","longing, yearning"]]},{"c":"罷","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["abandon","quitter","se retirer","arrêter"],"en":["quit","stop","leave","withdraw"],"on":["ヒ"],"kun":["まか.り","や.める"],"ex":[["罷免","ひめん","révocation, destitution","dismissal"]]},{"c":"矯","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["rectifier","redresser","corriger","réformer"],"en":["rectify","straighten","correct","reform"],"on":["キョウ"],"kun":["た.める"],"ex":[["矯正","きょうせい","correction, redressement","correction, straightening"]]},{"c":"某","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["untel","un certain","cette personne"],"en":["so-and-so","one","a certain","that person"],"on":["ボウ"],"kun":["それがし","なにがし"],"ex":[["某","ぼう","un certain, untel","a certain, so-and-so"]]},{"c":"囚","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["capturer","criminel","arrêter","attraper"],"en":["captured","criminal","arrest","catch"],"on":["シュウ"],"kun":["とら.われる"],"ex":[["死刑囚","しけいしゅう","condamné à mort","death row inmate"],["囚人","しゅうじん","prisonnier, détenu","prisoner"]]},{"c":"虹","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["arc-en-ciel"],"en":["rainbow"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["にじ"],"ex":[["虹","にじ","arc-en-ciel","rainbow"]]},{"c":"泌","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["suinter","couler","absorber","s'infiltrer"],"en":["ooze","flow","soak in","penetrate"],"on":["ヒツ","ヒ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["分泌","ぶんぴつ","sécrétion","secretion"],["内分泌","ないぶんぴつ","endocrine","endocrine"]]},{"c":"漸","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["progressivement","en fin de compte","finalement","tout juste"],"en":["steadily","gradually advancing","finally","barely"],"on":["ゼン"],"kun":["ようや.く","やや","ようよ.う","すす.む"],"ex":[["漸進","ぜんしん","progression graduelle","gradual progress"],["漸次","ぜんじ","peu à peu, graduellement","gradually"]]},{"c":"膳","s":16,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["small low table","tray"],"on":["ゼン","セン"],"kun":["かしわ","すす.める","そな.える"],"ex":[["膳","ぜん","plateau-repas, portion de riz","meal tray, serving"]]},{"c":"蚊","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["moustique"],"en":["mosquito"],"on":["ブン"],"kun":["か"],"ex":[["蚊","か","moustique","mosquito"],["蚊帳","かや","moustiquaire","mosquito net"]]},{"c":"厄","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["malchance","infortune","désastre"],"en":["unlucky","misfortune","bad luck","disaster"],"on":["ヤク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["厄介","やっかい","ennuyeux, embarrassant","troublesome, burdensome"],["厄年","やくどし","année néfaste","unlucky year"]]},{"c":"藻","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["algue","lentille d'eau"],"en":["seaweed","duckweed"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["も"],"ex":[["藻","も","algue aquatique","algae, water plants"],["海藻","かいそう","algues marines","seaweed"]]},{"c":"嫡","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["légitime (enfant, femme)","descendant direct (légitime)"],"en":["legitimate wife","direct descent (non-bastard)"],"on":["チャク","テキ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["嫡出","ちゃくしゅつ","naissance légitime","legitimate birth"],["嫡子","ちゃくし","enfant légitime, héritier","legitimate child, heir"]]},{"c":"呪","s":8,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["spell","curse","charm","malediction"],"on":["ジュ","シュ","シュウ","ズ"],"kun":["まじな.う","のろ.い","まじな.い","のろ.う"],"ex":[["呪縛","じゅばく","emprise, sortilège","spell, hold"],["呪術","じゅじゅつ","sorcellerie, magie","magic, sorcery"]]},{"c":"斬","s":11,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["beheading","kill","murder"],"on":["ザン","サン","セン","ゼン"],"kun":["き.る"],"ex":[["斬新","ざんしん","novateur, original","novel, original"],["斬る","きる","trancher, pourfendre","to slash, to cut down"]]},{"c":"怨","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["rancune","ressentiment","jalousie"],"en":["grudge","show resentment","be jealous"],"on":["エン","オン","ウン"],"kun":["うら.む","うらみ","うら.めしい"],"ex":[["怨念","おんねん","rancune tenace","deep-seated grudge"],["怨霊","おんりょう","esprit vengeur","vengeful spirit"]]},{"c":"串","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["brochette","broche"],"en":["spit","skewer"],"on":["カン","ケン","セン"],"kun":["くし","つらぬ.く"],"ex":[["串","くし","brochette","skewer"]]},{"c":"嚇","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["menaçant","dignité","majesté"],"en":["menacing","dignity","majesty","threaten"],"on":["カク"],"kun":["おど.す"],"ex":[["威嚇","いかく","intimidation, menace","intimidation, threat"]]},{"c":"凸","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["convexe","inégal","gros sourcils"],"en":["convex","beetle brow","uneven"],"on":["トツ"],"kun":["でこ"],"ex":[["凹凸","おうとつ","creux et bosses, inégalités","bumps and hollows, unevenness"],["凸版印刷","とっぱんいんさつ","impression typographique","letterpress printing"]]},{"c":"腫","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["tumor","swelling"],"on":["シュ","ショウ"],"kun":["は.れる","は.れ","は.らす","はれもの"],"ex":[["腫瘍","しゅよう","tumeur","tumor, tumour"],["腫れる","はれる","enfler, gonfler","to swell"]]},{"c":"韻","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["rime","élégance","son (phonème)"],"en":["rhyme","elegance","tone"],"on":["イン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["余韻","よいん","résonance, impression persistante","lingering sound, afterglow"],["韻律","いんりつ","prosodie, rythme","rhythm, prosody"]]},{"c":"霜","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["gel","givre"],"en":["frost"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["しも"],"ex":[["霜","しも","givre, gelée blanche","frost"],["霜降り","しもふり","marbré (viande), chute de givre","marbled (meat), frost fall"]]},{"c":"餅","s":14,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["mochi rice cake"],"on":["ヘイ","ヒョウ"],"kun":["もち","もちい"],"ex":[["餅","もち","mochi (gâteau de riz)","mochi, rice cake"],["煎餅","せんべい","senbei (galette de riz)","senbei, rice cracker"]]},{"c":"硝","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["nitrate","salpêtre"],"en":["nitrate","saltpeter"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["硝酸","しょうさん","acide nitrique","nitric acid"],["硝煙","しょうえん","fumée de poudre","gunpowder smoke"]]},{"c":"箸","s":15,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["chopsticks"],"on":["チョ","チャク"],"kun":["はし"],"ex":[["箸","はし","baguettes","chopsticks"],["割り箸","わりばし","baguettes jetables","disposable chopsticks"]]},{"c":"勅","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["rescrit impérial"],"en":["imperial order"],"on":["チョク"],"kun":["いまし.める","みことのり"],"ex":[]},{"c":"棺","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["cercueil"],"en":["coffin","casket"],"on":["カン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["棺","かん","cercueil","coffin"],["石棺","せっかん","sarcophage","stone coffin"]]},{"c":"儒","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["confucéen"],"en":["Confucian"],"on":["ジュ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["儒教","じゅきょう","confucianisme","Confucianism"],["儒学","じゅがく","études confucéennes","Confucian studies"]]},{"c":"斑","s":12,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["spot","blemish","speck","patches"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":["ふ","まだら"],"ex":[]},{"c":"摯","s":15,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["gift","seriousness"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["いた.る","つか.む","にえ"],"ex":[["真摯","しんし","sincère, sérieux","sincere, earnest"]]},{"c":"愁","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["détresse","tristesse","plainte","lamentation"],"en":["distress","grieve","lament","be anxious"],"on":["シュウ"],"kun":["うれ.える","うれ.い"],"ex":[["郷愁","きょうしゅう","nostalgie, mal du pays","nostalgia, homesickness"],["哀愁","あいしゅう","mélancolie, tristesse","sorrow, pathos"]]},{"c":"楼","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["tour de guet","poste de guet","tour (immeuble)"],"en":["watchtower","lookout","high building"],"on":["ロウ"],"kun":["たかどの"],"ex":[["楼閣","ろうかく","pavillon à étages, tour","multistory pavilion"],["摩天楼","まてんろう","gratte-ciel","skyscraper"]]},{"c":"眉","s":9,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["eyebrow"],"on":["ビ","ミ"],"kun":["まゆ"],"ex":[["眉","まゆ","sourcil","eyebrow"],["焦眉","しょうび","urgent, pressant","urgent, pressing"]]},{"c":"薪","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["combustible","bois de chauffage","petit bois","fuel"],"en":["fuel","firewood","kindling"],"on":["シン"],"kun":["たきぎ","まき"],"ex":[["薪","たきぎ","bois de chauffage","firewood"],["薪炭","しんたん","bois et charbon de bois","firewood and charcoal"]]},{"c":"堆","s":11,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["piled high"],"on":["タイ","ツイ"],"kun":["うずたか.い"],"ex":[["堆肥","たいひ","compost","compost"],["堆積","たいせき","accumulation, sédimentation","accumulation, deposition"]]},{"c":"褐","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["brun","kimono de laine"],"en":["brown","woollen kimono"],"on":["カツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["褐色","かっしょく","brun","brown"],["茶褐色","ちゃかっしょく","brun foncé","dark brown"]]},{"c":"賜","s":15,"l":1,"fr":["gratifier","bourse (subvention)","cadeau","faveur"],"en":["grant","gift","boon","results"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["たまわ.る","たま.う","たも.う"],"ex":[["賜杯","しはい","coupe offerte par l’empereur","emperor’s cup"],["恩賜","おんし","don impérial, faveur","imperial gift"]]},{"c":"繕","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["repriser","rapiécer","réparer","raccommoder"],"en":["darning","repair","mend","trim"],"on":["ゼン"],"kun":["つくろ.う"],"ex":[["修繕","しゅうぜん","réparation","repair"],["繕う","つくろう","réparer, raccommoder","to mend, to repair"]]},{"c":"栓","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["bouchon","bonde","robinet"],"en":["plug","bolt","cork","bung"],"on":["セン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["栓","せん","bouchon, robinet","stopper, plug, tap"],["血栓","けっせん","caillot de sang","blood clot"]]},{"c":"芯","s":7,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["wick"],"on":["シン"],"kun":[],"ex":[["芯","しん","cœur, mine, mèche","core, lead, wick"]]},{"c":"蜜","s":14,"l":1,"fr":["miel","nectar","mélasse"],"en":["honey","nectar","molasses"],"on":["ミツ","ビツ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["蜜","みつ","miel, nectar","honey, nectar"],["蜜月","みつげつ","lune de miel","honeymoon"]]},{"c":"凹","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["concave","creux","dépression"],"en":["concave","hollow","sunken"],"on":["オウ"],"kun":["くぼ.む","へこ.む","ぼこ"],"ex":[["凹凸","おうとつ","creux et bosses, inégalités","bumps and hollows, unevenness"],["凹み","へこみ","creux, bosse enfoncée","dent, hollow"]]},{"c":"艶","s":19,"l":1,"fr":["luisant","brillant","lustré","charmant"],"en":["glossy","luster","glaze","polish"],"on":["エン"],"kun":["つや","なま.めかしい","あで.やか","つや.めく"],"ex":[["艶","つや","éclat, brillant","gloss, luster"],["妖艶","ようえん","ensorcelant, voluptueux","bewitching, voluptuous"]]},{"c":"伺","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["visiter (hon)","présenter ses respects","demander","s'informer"],"en":["pay respects","visit","ask","inquire"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["うかが.う"],"ex":[["伺う","うかがう","se rendre chez, demander (poli)","to visit, to ask (humble)"],["伺い","うかがい","visite, demande (poli)","visit, inquiry (humble)"]]},{"c":"股","s":8,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["thigh","crotch"],"on":["コ"],"kun":["また","もも"],"ex":[["股","また","entrejambe, cuisse","crotch, thigh"]]},{"c":"匂","s":4,"l":1,"fr":["parfum","puanteur","éclat","suggérer"],"en":["fragrant","stink","glow","insinuate"],"on":[],"kun":["にお.う","にお.い","にお.わせる"],"ex":[["匂い","におい","odeur","smell, scent"],["匂う","におう","sentir, dégager une odeur","to smell, to be fragrant"]]},{"c":"玩","s":8,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["play","take pleasure in","trifle with","make sport of"],"on":["ガン"],"kun":["もちあそ.ぶ","もてあそ.ぶ"],"ex":[]},{"c":"錬","s":16,"l":1,"fr":["endurcir","améliorer","entrainer","perfectionner"],"en":["tempering","refine","drill","train"],"on":["レン"],"kun":["ね.る"],"ex":[["精錬","せいれん","raffinage de métal","refining, smelting"],["錬金術","れんきんじゅつ","alchimie","alchemy"]]},{"c":"蜂","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["bee","wasp","hornet"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["はち"],"ex":[["蜂","はち","abeille, guêpe","bee, wasp"],["蜂起","ほうき","soulèvement, révolte","uprising"]]},{"c":"衷","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["au plus profond","coeur","esprit","intime"],"en":["inmost","heart","mind","inside"],"on":["チュウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["折衷","せっちゅう","compromis, éclectisme","compromise, blend"],["衷心","ちゅうしん","du fond du cœur","heartfelt, sincere"]]},{"c":"逐","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["poursuivre","chasser","un (par un)","accomplir"],"en":["pursue","drive away","chase","accomplish"],"on":["チク"],"kun":[],"ex":[["駆逐艦","くちくかん","destroyer","destroyer"],["逐一","ちくいち","un par un, en détail","one by one, in detail"]]},{"c":"斥","s":5,"l":1,"fr":["rejeter","se retirer","repousser"],"en":["reject","retreat","recede","withdraw"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":["しりぞ.ける"],"ex":[["排斥","はいせき","rejet, exclusion","rejection, exclusion"]]},{"c":"詔","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["décret impérial"],"en":["imperial edict"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["みことのり"],"ex":[["詔書","しょうしょ","édit impérial","imperial edict"],["詔","みことのり","décret impérial","imperial decree"]]},{"c":"椅","s":12,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["chair"],"on":["イ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["椅子","いす","chaise","chair"],["車椅子","くるまいす","fauteuil roulant","wheelchair"]]},{"c":"挨","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["approach","draw near","push open"],"on":["アイ"],"kun":["ひら.く"],"ex":[["挨拶","あいさつ","salutation","greeting, salutation"]]},{"c":"憧","s":15,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["yearn after","long for","aspire to","admire"],"on":["ショウ","トウ","ドウ"],"kun":["あこが.れる"],"ex":[["憧れ","あこがれ","admiration, aspiration","longing, admiration"],["憧れる","あこがれる","aspirer à, rêver de","to long for, to admire"]]},{"c":"宵","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["heures tardives","soirée","début de nuit"],"en":["wee hours","evening","early night"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":["よい"],"ex":[["宵","よい","début de soirée","early evening"],["今宵","こよい","ce soir (littéraire)","tonight"]]},{"c":"妄","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["illusion","inutile","sans autorisation","imprudent"],"en":["delusion","unnecessarily","without authority","reckless"],"on":["モウ","ボウ"],"kun":["みだ.りに"],"ex":[["妄想","もうそう","délire, illusion","delusion"]]},{"c":"酌","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["servir à boire","hôte","tirer (de l'eau)","louche"],"en":["bar-tending","serving sake","the host","draw (water)"],"on":["シャク"],"kun":["く.む"],"ex":[["媒酌","ばいしゃく","entremise de mariage","matchmaking, go-between"],["晩酌","ばんしゃく","verre du soir","evening drink"]]},{"c":"蚕","s":10,"l":1,"g":6,"fr":["ver à soie"],"en":["silkworm"],"on":["サン","テン"],"kun":["かいこ","こ"],"ex":[["蚕","かいこ","ver à soie","silkworm"],["養蚕","ようさん","sériciculture","sericulture"]]},{"c":"餌","s":14,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["food","bait","prey","tempting profit"],"on":["ジ","ニ"],"kun":["え","えば","えさ","もち"],"ex":[]},{"c":"頒","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["distribuer","répartition","disséminer","comprendre"],"en":["distribute","disseminate","partition","understand"],"on":["ハン"],"kun":["わ.かつ","わ.ける"],"ex":[["頒布","はんぷ","distribution, diffusion","distribution"]]},{"c":"肢","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["membre","bras et jambes"],"en":["limb","arms &amp; legs"],"on":["シ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["選択肢","せんたくし","choix possibles, options","options, choices"],["肢体","したい","membres, corps","limbs, body"]]},{"c":"謄","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["copie","photocopie","reprographie (ronéo)"],"en":["mimeograph","copy"],"on":["トウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["謄本","とうほん","copie conforme","certified copy"],["戸籍謄本","こせきとうほん","copie intégrale de l’état civil (koseki)","certified copy of family register"]]},{"c":"脊","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["stature","height","spine"],"on":["セキ"],"kun":["せ","せい"],"ex":[["脊椎","せきつい","colonne vertébrale","spine, vertebral column"],["脊髄","せきずい","moelle épinière","spinal cord"]]},{"c":"嗣","s":13,"l":1,"fr":["héritier","succéder"],"en":["heir","succeed"],"on":["シ"],"kun":[],"ex":[]},{"c":"凄","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["uncanny","weird","threatening","horrible"],"on":["セイ","サイ"],"kun":["さむ.い","すご.い","すさ.まじい"],"ex":[["凄い","すごい","formidable, terrible","amazing, terrific"],["物凄い","ものすごい","terrible, extraordinaire","terrific, tremendous"]]},{"c":"嫉","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["jealous","envy"],"on":["シツ"],"kun":["そね.む","ねた.む","にく.む"],"ex":[["嫉妬","しっと","jalousie","jealousy, envy"]]},{"c":"膝","s":15,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["knee","lap"],"on":["シツ"],"kun":["ひざ"],"ex":[["膝","ひざ","genou","knee"]]},{"c":"恣","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["selfish","arbitrary"],"on":["シ"],"kun":["ほしいまま"],"ex":[["恣意","しい","arbitraire","arbitrary"]]},{"c":"畝","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["sillon","30 tsubo (100 m²)","raie","côte (côtelé)"],"en":["furrow","thirty tsubo","ridge","rib"],"on":["ボウ","ホ","モ","ム"],"kun":["せ","うね"],"ex":[]},{"c":"抄","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["extraire","sélection","résumé","copie"],"en":["extract","selection","summary","copy"],"on":["ショウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["抄本","しょうほん","extrait","excerpt"],["抄録","しょうろく","résumé, extrait","abstract, excerpt"]]},{"c":"麺","s":16,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["noodles","wheat flour"],"on":["メン","ベン"],"kun":["むぎこ"],"ex":[["麺","めん","nouilles","noodles"]]},{"c":"戴","s":17,"l":1,"fr":["couronnement","vivre sous (un chef)","recevoir"],"en":["be crowned with","live under (a ruler)","receive"],"on":["タイ"],"kun":["いただ.く"],"ex":[["戴く","いただく","recevoir, manger (poli)","to receive (humble), to eat (humble)"],["頂戴","ちょうだい","recevoir (poli), s’il vous plaît","to receive, please give me"]]},{"c":"爽","s":11,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["refreshing","bracing","resonant","sweet"],"on":["ソウ"],"kun":["あき.らか","さわ.やか","たがう"],"ex":[["爽快","そうかい","rafraîchissant, vivifiant","refreshing, exhilarating"],["爽やか","さわやか","frais, vif","refreshing, crisp"]]},{"c":"裾","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["cuff","hem","foot of mountain"],"on":["キョ","コ"],"kun":["すそ"],"ex":[["裾","すそ","bas d’un vêtement, ourlet","hem, skirt"],["裾野","すその","pied d’une montagne, base","foot of a mountain, base"]]},{"c":"惰","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["paresse"],"en":["lazy","laziness"],"on":["ダ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["惰性","だせい","inertie, habitude","inertia, force of habit"],["怠惰","たいだ","paresseux, oisif","lazy, idle"]]},{"c":"蛮","s":12,"l":1,"fr":["barbare"],"en":["barbarian"],"on":["バン"],"kun":["えびす"],"ex":[["野蛮","やばん","barbare, sauvage","barbaric, savage"],["蛮行","ばんこう","acte de barbarie","barbaric act"]]},{"c":"旺","s":8,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["flourishing","successful","beautiful","vigorous"],"on":["オウ"],"kun":["さかん"],"ex":[["旺盛","おうせい","vigoureux, florissant","vigorous, abundant"]]},{"c":"冥","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["dark"],"on":["メイ","ミョウ"],"kun":["くら.い"],"ex":[["冥福","めいふく","repos de l’âme du défunt","repose of the departed soul"]]},{"c":"壱","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["un (I)"],"en":["one (in documents)"],"on":["イチ","イツ"],"kun":["ひとつ"],"ex":[]},{"c":"瑠","s":14,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["lapis lazuli"],"on":["ル","リュウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["浄瑠璃","じょうるり","jōruri (récit chanté du théâtre de marionnettes)","jōruri"],["瑠璃","るり","lapis-lazuli","lapis lazuli"]]},{"c":"侯","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["marquis","seigneur","daimyo"],"en":["marquis","lord","daimyo"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["侯爵","こうしゃく","marquis","marquis"],["王侯","おうこう","rois et princes","kings and nobles"]]},{"c":"麓","s":19,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["foot of a mountain"],"on":["ロク"],"kun":["ふもと"],"ex":[["麓","ふもと","pied d’une montagne","foot of a mountain"],["山麓","さんろく","pied de la montagne","foot of a mountain"]]},{"c":"弧","s":9,"l":1,"fr":["arc de cercle","arc","arche"],"en":["arc","arch","bow"],"on":["コ"],"kun":[],"ex":[["弧","こ","arc (géométrie)","arc"],["括弧","かっこ","parenthèses","parentheses, brackets"]]},{"c":"稽","s":15,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["think","consider"],"on":["ケイ"],"kun":["かんが.える","とど.める"],"ex":[["稽古","けいこ","entraînement, leçon d’art","practice, training"],["滑稽","こっけい","comique, ridicule","funny, ridiculous"]]},{"c":"蹴","s":19,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["kick"],"on":["シュク","シュウ"],"kun":["け.る"],"ex":[["一蹴","いっしゅう","d’un coup de pied, d’un seul coup","a single kick, rejecting outright"],["蹴る","ける","donner un coup de pied","to kick"]]},{"c":"訃","s":9,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["obituary"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["しらせ"],"ex":[["訃報","ふほう","annonce de décès","news of a death"]]},{"c":"蓋","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["cover","lid","flap"],"on":["ガイ","カイ","コウ"],"kun":["ふた","けだ.し","おお.う","かさ"],"ex":[["蓋","ふた","couvercle","lid, cover"]]},{"c":"畏","s":9,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["fear","majestic","graciously","be apprehensive"],"on":["イ"],"kun":["おそ.れる","かしこま.る","かしこ","かしこ.し"],"ex":[["畏敬","いけい","révérence, respect profond","reverence, awe"],["畏怖","いふ","crainte, effroi","awe, dread"]]},{"c":"喉","s":12,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["throat","voice"],"on":["コウ"],"kun":["のど"],"ex":[["喉","のど","gorge","throat"]]},{"c":"附","s":8,"l":1,"fr":["attaché à","collé à","se rapporter à","annexe"],"en":["affixed","attach","refer to","append"],"on":["フ"],"kun":["つ.ける","つ.く"],"ex":[["附属","ふぞく","rattaché, annexe","attached, affiliated"]]},{"c":"但","s":7,"l":1,"fr":["pourtant","mais"],"en":["however","but"],"on":["タン"],"kun":["ただ.し"],"ex":[["但し","ただし","toutefois, cependant","however, provided that"]]},{"c":"芋","s":6,"l":1,"fr":["pomme de terre"],"en":["taro","yam","tuber"],"on":["ウ"],"kun":["いも"],"ex":[["芋","いも","pomme de terre, patate douce, tubercule","potato, sweet potato, tuber"],["焼き芋","やきいも","patate douce rôtie","roasted sweet potato"]]},{"c":"拭","s":9,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["wipe","mop","swab"],"on":["ショク","シキ"],"kun":["ぬぐ.う","ふ.く"],"ex":[["払拭","ふっしょく","dissipation, éradication","wiping out, dispelling"],["拭う","ぬぐう","essuyer","to wipe"]]},{"c":"婆","s":11,"l":1,"fr":["vieille femme","grand-mère","nourrice"],"en":["old woman","grandma","wet nurse"],"on":["バ"],"kun":["ばば","ばあ"],"ex":[["老婆","ろうば","vieille femme","old woman"]]},{"c":"貼","s":12,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["stick","paste","apply"],"on":["テン","チョウ"],"kun":["は.る","つ.く"],"ex":[["貼る","はる","coller, apposer","to stick, to paste"],["貼付","ちょうふ","collage, apposition","pasting, affixing"]]},{"c":"倣","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["imiter"],"en":["emulate","imitate"],"on":["ホウ"],"kun":["なら.う"],"ex":[["模倣","もほう","imitation","imitation"],["倣う","ならう","imiter, suivre l’exemple","to imitate, to follow"]]},{"c":"諦","s":16,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["truth","clarity","abandon","give up"],"on":["テイ","タイ"],"kun":["あきら.める","つまびらか","まこと"],"ex":[["諦める","あきらめる","abandonner, renoncer","to give up"]]},{"c":"煎","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["broil","parch","roast","boil"],"on":["セン"],"kun":["せん.じる","い.る","に.る"],"ex":[["煎餅","せんべい","senbei (galette de riz)","senbei, rice cracker"],["煎茶","せんちゃ","thé vert sencha","sencha green tea"]]},{"c":"緻","s":16,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["fine (i.e. not coarse)"],"on":["チ"],"kun":["こまか.い"],"ex":[["精緻","せいち","raffiné, minutieux","delicate, elaborate"],["緻密","ちみつ","minutieux, précis","fine, meticulous"]]},{"c":"哺","s":10,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["nurse","suckle"],"on":["ホ"],"kun":["はぐく.む","ふく.む"],"ex":[["哺乳類","ほにゅうるい","mammifères","mammals"],["哺乳","ほにゅう","allaitement","nursing, suckling"]]},{"c":"罵","s":15,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["abuse","insult"],"on":["バ"],"kun":["ののし.る"],"ex":[["罵る","ののしる","injurier, insulter","to curse, to abuse"]]},{"c":"乞","s":3,"l":1,"fr":["mendier","demander","inviter à"],"en":["beg","invite","ask"],"on":["コツ","キツ","キ","キケ"],"kun":["こ.う"],"ex":[]},{"c":"倹","s":10,"l":1,"fr":["austère","frugal","économe"],"en":["frugal","economy","thrifty"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["つま.しい","つづまやか"],"ex":[["倹約","けんやく","économie, frugalité","thrift, frugality"]]},{"c":"嗅","s":13,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["smell","sniff","scent"],"on":["キュウ"],"kun":["か.ぐ"],"ex":[["嗅ぐ","かぐ","flairer, sentir","to sniff"]]},{"c":"蔑","s":14,"l":1,"fr":[],"en":["ignore","despise","neglect","ridicule"],"on":["ベツ"],"kun":["ないがしろ","なみ.する","くらい","さげす.む"],"ex":[["蔑視","べっし","mépris","contempt"],["侮蔑","ぶべつ","mépris, dédain","contempt, disdain"]]},{"c":"繭","s":18,"l":1,"fr":["cocon"],"en":["cocoon"],"on":["ケン"],"kun":["まゆ","きぬ"],"ex":[["繭","まゆ","cocon","cocoon"]]}]